Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1201 |
0-105 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Postmortem clinical studies indicate the endogenous opioid system is disrupted in neuroHIV (Gelman et al. |
T1202 |
106-126 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2012; Yuferov et al. |
T1203 |
127-133 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2014). |
T1204 |
134-210 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Specifically, OPRK1 mRNA is significantly upregulated in PWH (Yuferov et al. |
T1205 |
211-271 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2014) and in transgenic neuroHIV rodent models (Chang et al. |
T1206 |
272-292 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2007; Fitting et al. |
T1207 |
293-441 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2010b) potentially as a compensatory neuroprotective function in response to inflammatory processes in the presence of HIV infection (Yuferov et al. |
T1208 |
442-448 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2014). |
T1209 |
449-632 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The upregulation of mRNA coding OPRK1 is triggered by factors released by activated macrophages and glia and is supported by mechanistic studies in dorsal root ganglia (Puehler et al. |
T1210 |
633-656 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2006; Gabrilovac et al. |
T1211 |
657-663 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2012). |
T1212 |
664-882 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since leukocytes, including macrophages, can express β-endorphin and enkephalins, it is important to consider the potential influence of leukocyte-derived endogenous opioid peptides in neuroinflammation (Rittner et al. |
T1213 |
883-889 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2001). |
T1214 |
890-1060 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Granulocytes express about 10-fold higher levels of β-endorphin, a preferential MOR and lower affinity KOR endogenous ligand, than lymphocytes (Pallinger and Csaba 2008). |
T1215 |
1061-1157 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Increases in β-endorphin expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (Gironi et al. |
T1216 |
1158-1177 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2000; Gironi et al. |
T1217 |
1178-1246 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2003), coincide with inflammation and relapse in multiple sclerosis. |
T1218 |
1247-1597 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, increases in inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), have been demonstrated to differentially increase the expression of proenkephalin transcripts in primary astrocytes cultured from different brain regions (Ruzicka and Akil 1997) and increase IL-10-stimulated β-endorphin expression in cultured primary microglia (Wu et al. |
T1219 |
1598-1604 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2017). |
T1220 |
1605-1698 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, OPRM1 mRNA levels do not differ between HIV+ and HIV− subjects (Yuferov et al. |
T1221 |
1699-1705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2014). |