LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7463108 / 73539-76918 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1003 0-14 Sentence denotes HIV-1 Genetics
T1004 15-204 Sentence denotes Genetic differences among HIV-1 variants have a significant impact on HIV transmission, disease progression, as well as the response to ARV therapy (see reviews, Geretti 2006; Taylor et al.
T1005 205-222 Sentence denotes 2008; Tyor et al.
T1006 223-245 Sentence denotes 2013; Tables 1 and 2).
T1007 246-351 Sentence denotes Pre-cART studies provide substantial evidence that HIV clade differences can influence HAND (Gupta et al.
T1008 352-372 Sentence denotes 2007; Sacktor et al.
T1009 373-392 Sentence denotes 2009; Boivin et al.
T1010 393-414 Sentence denotes 2010; McArthur et al.
T1011 415-431 Sentence denotes 2010; Rao et al.
T1012 432-538 Sentence denotes 2013), with HAND severity being highest for clade D and B strains, followed by C and A clades (Tyor et al.
T1013 539-545 Sentence denotes 2013).
T1014 546-734 Sentence denotes These findings are supported by preclinical studies in which clade B or clade C HIV-infected macrophages were intracranially injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID) mice.
T1015 735-864 Sentence denotes Exposure to clade B isolates induced more severe memory deficits, as well as greater astrogliosis and neuronal damage (Rao et al.
T1016 865-877 Sentence denotes 2008, 2013).
T1017 878-1034 Sentence denotes In another example, the Tat dicysteine motif (CC) at positions 30 and 31, which is commonly found in clade B isolates, appears to worsen HAND (Mishra et al.
T1018 1035-1051 Sentence denotes 2008; Rao et al.
T1019 1052-1113 Sentence denotes 2013) and has been studied extensively in vitro (Ranga et al.
T1020 1114-1130 Sentence denotes 2004; Rao et al.
T1021 1131-1147 Sentence denotes 2008; Zou et al.
T1022 1148-1184 Sentence denotes 2011; Krishnan and Chatterjee 2015).
T1023 1185-1284 Sentence denotes Clade B Tat is more intrinsically cytotoxic to primary neurons in vitro than clade C Tat (Li et al.
T1024 1285-1306 Sentence denotes 2008; Campbell et al.
T1025 1307-1323 Sentence denotes 2011; Zou et al.
T1026 1324-1427 Sentence denotes 2011), resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., IL-6 and TNF-α) (Gandhi et al.
T1027 1428-1497 Sentence denotes 2009) and monocyte recruitment/migration into the brain (Ranga et al.
T1028 1498-1514 Sentence denotes 2004; Rao et al.
T1029 1515-1572 Sentence denotes 2008), and increased disruption of the BBB (Gandhi et al.
T1030 1573-1579 Sentence denotes 2010).
T1031 1580-1779 Sentence denotes Similarly, the production of the inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 and the thromboxane A2 receptor by astrocytes is more significantly increased by clade B than clade C gp120 (Samikkannu et al.
T1032 1780-1786 Sentence denotes 2011).
T1033 1787-1896 Sentence denotes Sequence and structural alterations in gp120 have been demonstrated between clades B and C (Gnanakaran et al.
T1034 1897-1960 Sentence denotes 2007) and potentially contribute to these observed differences.
T1035 1961-2173 Sentence denotes When considering effects of HIV clade variants in the presence of opioids, the overall toxicity in MSNs seen with clade C Tat (30% neuronal losses) was considerably less than with clade B (70% losses) (Zou et al.
T1036 2174-2180 Sentence denotes 2011).
T1037 2181-2461 Sentence denotes Although clade B HIV predominates in Western countries, future clinical longitudinal studies are necessary that employ HIV clade testing in HIV-1 infected opioid users to confirm the hypothesis that opioid interactive effects on HAND pathogenesis depend on the HIV clade assessed.
T1038 2462-2552 Sentence denotes Besides HIV genetic diversity, differences in HIV tropism add another level of complexity.
T1039 2553-2688 Sentence denotes Morphine interactions can differ significantly between X4 and R5-tropic gp120 variants depending on the outcome measure (El-Hage et al.
T1040 2689-2712 Sentence denotes 2011b; Podhaizer et al.
T1041 2713-2734 Sentence denotes 2012; Balinang et al.
T1042 2735-2751 Sentence denotes 2017; Kim et al.
T1043 2752-2758 Sentence denotes 2018).
T1044 2759-3012 Sentence denotes Increased infectivity in the presence of morphine was noted for the R5-tropic HIV-1SF162 strain in a human hepatoma Huh7.5.1 cell line model, whereas the infectivity rate with the X4-tropic HIV-1LAI/IIIB strain was unaffected by morphine (El-Hage et al.
T1045 3013-3020 Sentence denotes 2011b).
T1046 3021-3173 Sentence denotes To date, no clinical studies have assessed whether opioid interactions with R5- or R4-preferring HIV strains differentially impact the severity of HAND.
T1047 3174-3379 Sentence denotes However, the findings from preclinical studies indicate that HIV-1 strain-specific differences are critical determinants in shaping both the timing and pattern of neurotoxic interactions with opioid drugs.