LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7463108 / 62476-67441 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T834 0-39 Sentence denotes White Matter/Oligodendroglial Pathology
T835 40-91 Sentence denotes HIV can cause white matter damage (Gosztonyi et al.
T836 92-113 Sentence denotes 1994; Langford et al.
T837 114-131 Sentence denotes 2002; Xuan et al.
T838 132-186 Sentence denotes 2013) even with less severe forms of HAND (Chen et al.
T839 187-205 Sentence denotes 2009; Leite et al.
T840 206-225 Sentence denotes 2013; Correa et al.
T841 226-232 Sentence denotes 2015).
T842 233-343 Sentence denotes Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) demonstrates white matter damage early in HAND (Ragin et al.
T843 344-369 Sentence denotes 2004; Stubbe-Drger et al.
T844 370-388 Sentence denotes 2012; Leite et al.
T845 389-408 Sentence denotes 2013; Correa et al.
T846 409-415 Sentence denotes 2015).
T847 416-524 Sentence denotes White matter deficits are associated with cognitive impairment, including shortfalls in memory (Ragin et al.
T848 525-565 Sentence denotes 2005), executive function (Correa et al.
T849 566-595 Sentence denotes 2015), motor speed (Wu et al.
T850 596-621 Sentence denotes 2006; Stubbe-Drger et al.
T851 622-682 Sentence denotes 2012), and perhaps depression (Schmaal and van Velzen 2019).
T852 683-785 Sentence denotes Preclinical studies in simian immunodeficiency virus- (SIV-) infected rhesus macaques (Marcario et al.
T853 786-837 Sentence denotes 2008) and HIV-infected humanized mice (Boska et al.
T854 838-874 Sentence denotes 2014) support the clinical findings.
T855 875-967 Sentence denotes Injury to oligodendrocytes (OLs) can occur very early in the disease (see review, Liu et al.
T856 968-975 Sentence denotes 2016b).
T857 976-1087 Sentence denotes Viral proteins, including Tat, gp120, and Nef, have been implicated in OL injury in vitro (Kimura-Kuroda et al.
T858 1088-1109 Sentence denotes 1994; Bernardo et al.
T859 1110-1128 Sentence denotes 1997; Radja et al.
T860 1129-1150 Sentence denotes 2003; Nukuzuma et al.
T861 1151-1167 Sentence denotes 2012; Zou et al.
T862 1168-1217 Sentence denotes 2015), and in animal models in vivo (Radja et al.
T863 1218-1237 Sentence denotes 2003; Hauser et al.
T864 1238-1254 Sentence denotes 2009; Zou et al.
T865 1255-1261 Sentence denotes 2015).
T866 1262-1352 Sentence denotes Importantly, Tat has been detected in OLs in the brains of AIDS patients (Del Valle et al.
T867 1353-1359 Sentence denotes 2000).
T868 1360-1424 Sentence denotes HIV likely damages OLs through both direct and indirect actions.
T869 1425-1500 Sentence denotes OLs lack CD4, and reports of OL infection by HIV are variable (Esiri et al.
T870 1501-1522 Sentence denotes 1991; Albright et al.
T871 1523-1549 Sentence denotes 1996; Wohlschlaeger et al.
T872 1550-1658 Sentence denotes 2009); thus, HIV infection of OLs is unlikely a major avenue of OL or white matter damage (discussed below).
T873 1659-1846 Sentence denotes Alternatively, bystander damage to OLs through the production of “virotoxins” and “cellular toxins” (Nath 1999) by infected neighboring cells is more likely to be operative (Hauser et al.
T874 1847-1863 Sentence denotes 2009; Zou et al.
T875 1864-1883 Sentence denotes 2015; Jensen et al.
T876 1884-1900 Sentence denotes 2019; Zou et al.
T877 1901-1907 Sentence denotes 2019).
T878 1908-1962 Sentence denotes ARVs also contribute to OL cytotoxicity (Jensen et al.
T879 1963-1981 Sentence denotes 2015; Festa et al.
T880 1982-2001 Sentence denotes 2019; Jensen et al.
T881 2002-2008 Sentence denotes 2019).
T882 2009-2200 Sentence denotes HIV-1 Tat directly induces damage in isolated OLs through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-dependent mechanisms (Zou et al.
T883 2201-2270 Sentence denotes 2015) and is also associated with abnormal Kv1.3 activity (Liu et al.
T884 2271-2277 Sentence denotes 2017).
T885 2278-2374 Sentence denotes Immature OLs are preferentially targeted by Tat compared to differentiated OLs (Khurdayan et al.
T886 2375-2392 Sentence denotes 2004; Hahn et al.
T887 2393-2409 Sentence denotes 2012; Zou et al.
T888 2410-2422 Sentence denotes 2015, 2019).
T889 2423-2671 Sentence denotes While the reasons why immature OLs are more susceptible to Tat are unclear, unlike mature OLs, Tat preferentially upregulates GSK-3β signaling in undifferentiated OLs by inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β (CaMKIIβ) (Zou et al.
T890 2672-2678 Sentence denotes 2019).
T891 2679-2843 Sentence denotes Opioid abuse by itself can result in demyelination, leukoencephalopathy, and lesions in white matter (Offiah and Hall 2008; Eran and Barak 2009; Morales Odia et al.
T892 2844-2861 Sentence denotes 2010; Bora et al.
T893 2862-2877 Sentence denotes 2012; Li et al.
T894 2878-2984 Sentence denotes 2013), and the degree of myelin disruption correlates with the duration of opiate dependence (Ivers et al.
T895 2985-2991 Sentence denotes 2018).
T896 2992-3209 Sentence denotes Chronic oxycodone exposure in rats causes some axonopathies and reduces the size of axonal fascicles, decreases myelin basic protein levels, and causes the accumulation of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) (Fan et al.
T897 3210-3216 Sentence denotes 2018).
T898 3217-3372 Sentence denotes Most preclinical studies have examined the effects of opioids and opioid receptor blockade on OL maturation and/or the timing of myelination (Hauser et al.
T899 3373-3391 Sentence denotes 1993; Knapp et al.
T900 3392-3418 Sentence denotes 1998; Stiene-Martin et al.
T901 3419-3439 Sentence denotes 2001; Sanchez et al.
T902 3440-3458 Sentence denotes 2008; Knapp et al.
T903 3459-3486 Sentence denotes 2009; Vestal-Laborde et al.
T904 3487-3493 Sentence denotes 2014).
T905 3494-3572 Sentence denotes OLs can transiently express MORs and other opioid receptor types (Knapp et al.
T906 3573-3597 Sentence denotes 1998; Tryoen-Toth et al.
T907 3598-3616 Sentence denotes 2000; Knapp et al.
T908 3617-3643 Sentence denotes 2001; Stiene-Martin et al.
T909 3644-3650 Sentence denotes 2001).
T910 3651-3778 Sentence denotes Selective MOR and possibly KOR activation can directly modulate the growth of OLs in vitro (Knapp and Hauser 1996; Knapp et al.
T911 3779-3791 Sentence denotes 1998, 2001).
T912 3792-3911 Sentence denotes Despite long-standing evidence of white matter damage early during the infection even in asymptomatic PWH (Price et al.
T913 3912-3929 Sentence denotes 1988; Gray et al.
T914 3930-3947 Sentence denotes 1996; Chen et al.
T915 3948-3973 Sentence denotes 2009; Stubbe-Drger et al.
T916 3974-3993 Sentence denotes 2012; Jensen et al.
T917 3994-4099 Sentence denotes 2019), few studies have examined how opiate exposure affects OLs and myelin in neuroHIV (Tables 1 and 2).
T918 4100-4245 Sentence denotes Increased demyelination is reported in SIV-infected rhesus macaques chronically treated with morphine (4× daily, up to 59 weeks) (Marcario et al.
T919 4246-4252 Sentence denotes 2008).
T920 4253-4425 Sentence denotes Specifically, morphine-treated SIV macaques developed more subtle, focal, dysmyelinating lesions, with accumulations of macrophages in areas of myelin loss (Marcario et al.
T921 4426-4481 Sentence denotes 2008), as well as accompanying gliosis (Marcario et al.
T922 4482-4507 Sentence denotes 2008; Rivera-Amill et al.
T923 4508-4529 Sentence denotes 2010a; Bokhari et al.
T924 4530-4536 Sentence denotes 2011).
T925 4537-4756 Sentence denotes Morphine exposure increased degeneration of OLs in Tat+ mice, which was accompanied by elevations in caspase-3 activation and TUNEL reactivity in OLs and reversible by naloxone or naltrexone, respectively (Hauser et al.
T926 4757-4763 Sentence denotes 2009).
T927 4764-4827 Sentence denotes Although OLs can express MOR both in vivo (Stiene-Martin et al.
T928 4828-4861 Sentence denotes 2001) and in vitro (Hauser et al.
T929 4862-4965 Sentence denotes 2009), it remains unclear the extent to which MOR activation in OLs directly mediates HIV pathogenesis.