Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T106 |
0-140 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Preclinical studies indicate opioid-induced neuroimmune signaling alter the saliency of opioid reward and physical dependence (Narita et al. |
T107 |
141-164 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2006; Hutchinson et al. |
T108 |
165-177 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2008, 2009). |
T109 |
178-343 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Direct injections of astrocyte-conditioned medium containing cytokines into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) increase morphine conditioned place preference (Narita et al. |
T110 |
344-350 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2006). |
T111 |
351-512 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Drugs reported to selectively attenuate glial inflammation block morphine conditioned place preference and attenuate symptoms of opioid withdrawal (Narita et al. |
T112 |
513-536 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2006; Hutchinson et al. |
T113 |
537-553 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2009; Liu et al. |
T114 |
554-708 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2010). μ (MOR), δ (DOR), and κ (KOR) opioid receptors are expressed by subsets of astrocytes and microglia (Stiene-Martin and Hauser 1991; Eriksson et al. |
T115 |
709-735 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1992; Stiene-Martin et al. |
T116 |
736-756 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1993; Ruzicka et al. |
T117 |
757-777 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1995; Gurwell et al. |
T118 |
778-797 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1993; Hauser et al. |
T119 |
798-826 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1996; Turchan-Cholewo et al. |
T120 |
827-846 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2008; Maduna et al. |
T121 |
847-1010 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2018) and are involved in opioid tolerance and dependence to varying degrees (Kieffer and Gaveriaux-Ruff 2002; Berger and Whistler 2010; Morgan and Christie 2011). |
T122 |
1011-1123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Despite some reports of morphine triggering immune activation via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (Terashvili et al. |
T123 |
1124-1147 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2008; Hutchinson et al. |
T124 |
1148-1199 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2010; Coller and Hutchinson 2012; Hutchinson et al. |
T125 |
1200-1221 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2012; Theberge et al. |
T126 |
1222-1244 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2013; Lacagnina et al. |
T127 |
1245-1326 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2017) by binding to a myeloid differentiation protein-2 intermediary (Wang et al. |
T128 |
1327-1521 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2012), this is contrary to the typical actions of opiates, which by themselves (and in the absence of a priming event such as HIV co-exposure) tend to suppress immune function (Eisenstein 2019). |
T129 |
1522-1676 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A vast majority of the immune, antinociceptive, and other physiological effects of opioids are mediated by opioid receptors per se and not TLR4 (Hu et al. |
T130 |
1677-1698 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2011; Fukagawa et al. |
T131 |
1699-1719 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2013; Stevens et al. |
T132 |
1720-1741 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2013; Mattioli et al. |
T133 |
1742-1765 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2014; Eisenstein 2019). |