LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7449695 / 30649-34567 JSONTXT 6 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T214 0-29 Sentence denotes Accounting for imported cases
T215 30-131 Sentence denotes A large proportion of cases reported in Australia from January until now were imported from overseas.
T216 132-340 Sentence denotes It is critical to account for two distinct populations in the case notification data – imported and locally acquired – in order to perform robust analyses of transmission in the early stages of this outbreak.
T217 341-537 Sentence denotes The estimated time-varying R𝑒𝑓𝑓 value is based on cases that have been identified as a result of local transmission, whereas imported cases contribute to transmission only (Thompson et al., 2019).
T218 538-636 Sentence denotes Specifically, the method assumes that local and imported cases contribute equally to transmission.
T219 637-697 Sentence denotes The results under this assumption are presented in Figure 2.
T220 698-929 Sentence denotes However, it is likely that imported cases contributed relatively less to transmission than locally acquired cases, as a result of quarantine and other border measures which targeted these individuals (Figure 1—figure supplement 2).
T221 930-1169 Sentence denotes In the absence of data on whether the infector of local cases was themselves an imported or local case (from which we could robustly estimate the contribution of imported cases to transmission), we explored this via a sensitivity analysis.
T222 1170-1358 Sentence denotes We aimed to explore the impact of a number of plausible scenarios, based on our knowledge of the timing, extent and level of enforcement of different quarantine policies enacted over time.
T223 1359-1497 Sentence denotes Prior to 15 March, returning Australian residents and citizens (and their dependents) from mainland China were advised to self-quarantine.
T224 1498-1739 Sentence denotes Note that further border measures were implemented during this period, including enhanced testing and provision of advice on arrivals from selected countries based on a risk assessment tool developed in early February (Shearer et al., 2020).
T225 1740-1934 Sentence denotes On 15 March, Australian authorities imposed a self-quarantine requirement on all international arrivals, and from 27 March, moved to a mandatory quarantine policy for all international arrivals.
T226 1935-2376 Sentence denotes Hence for the sensitivity analysis, we assumed two step changes in the effectiveness of quarantine of overseas arrivals (timed to coincide with the two key policy changes), resulting in three intervention phases: prior to 15 March (self-quarantine of arrivals from selected countries); 15–27 March inclusive (self-quarantine of arrivals from all countries); and 27 March onward (mandatory quarantine of overseas arrivals from all countries).
T227 2377-2486 Sentence denotes We further assumed that the relative infectiousness of imported cases decreased with each intervention phase.
T228 2487-2790 Sentence denotes The first two intervention phases correspond to self-quarantine policies, so we assume that they resulted in a relatively small reduction in the relative infectiousness of imported cases (the first smaller than the second, since the pre-15 March policy only applied to arrivals from selected countries).
T229 2791-3025 Sentence denotes The third intervention phase corresponds to mandatory quarantine of overseas arrivals in hotels which we assume is highly effective at reducing onward transmission from imported cases, but allows for the occasional transmission event.
T230 3026-3162 Sentence denotes We then varied the percentage of imported cases contributing to transmission over the three intervention phases, as detailed in Table 2.
T231 3163-3171 Sentence denotes Table 2.
T232 3173-3306 Sentence denotes Percentage of imported cases assumed to be contributing to transmission over three intervention phases for each sensitivity analysis.
T233 3307-3659 Sentence denotes We assume two step changes in the effectiveness of quarantine of overseas arrivals, resulting in three intervention phases: prior to 15 March (self-quarantine of arrivals from selected countries); 15–27 March inclusive (self-quarantine of arrivals from all countries); and 27 March onward (mandatory quarantine of overseas arrivals from all countries).
T234 3660-3703 Sentence denotes Imported cases contributing to transmission
T235 3704-3767 Sentence denotes Sensitivity analysis Prior to 15 March 15–27 March 27 March–
T236 3768-3783 Sentence denotes 1 90% 50% 1%
T237 3784-3799 Sentence denotes 2 80% 50% 1%
T238 3800-3815 Sentence denotes 3 50% 20% 1%
T239 3816-3918 Sentence denotes The results of these three analyses are shown in Figure 2—figure supplements 1, 2 and 3, respectively.