Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T62 |
0-4 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1. |
T63 |
6-31 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Molecular docking studies |
T64 |
33-39 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.1. |
T65 |
41-61 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Protein preparations |
T66 |
62-111 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp (PDB ID: |
T67 |
112-214 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6M71) (Yan et al., 2020) was retrieved from the protein databank (www.rcsb.org) (Berman et al., 2000). |
T68 |
215-377 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The crystal structure was prepared individually by adding hydrogen atoms and computing the Gasteiger charge using the AutoDock v4.2 program (Morris et al., 2009). |
T69 |
378-465 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Subsequently, the file was saved as .pdbqt format in preparation for molecular docking. |
T70 |
466-609 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Schematic representation of the work-flow for selecting potential natural polyphenolic inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp is shown in Figure 2. |
T71 |
610-619 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 2. |
T72 |
621-731 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Flow chart of the methodology for shortlisting the best natural polyphenolic inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. |
T73 |
733-739 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.2. |
T74 |
741-760 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Ligand preparations |
T75 |
761-973 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The SDF structures of GTP, remdesivir, and selected hundred polyphenols (see Table S1 in Supplementary Information) were retrieved from the PubChem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) (Kim et al., 2019). |
T76 |
974-1131 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The compounds were converted into PDB format, and conformational energies of all the compounds were minimized by using UCSF Chimera (Pettersen et al., 2004). |
T77 |
1132-1140 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 1. |
T78 |
1142-1288 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Binding energy (kcal/mol) of the natural polyphenols along with the control compounds (GTP and remdesivir) against RdRp of the SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: |
T79 |
1289-1322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6M71) by molecular docking study. |
T80 |
1323-1325 |
Sentence |
denotes |
S. |
T81 |
1326-1329 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No. |
T82 |
1331-1375 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Compound Name Binding energy (kcal/mol) S. |
T83 |
1376-1379 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No. |
T84 |
1381-1421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Compound Name Binding energy (kcal/mol) |
T85 |
1422-1456 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1 TF3 −9.9 52 Cyanidin −6.3 |
T86 |
1457-1492 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2 TF2b −9.6 53 Daidzein −6.3 |
T87 |
1493-1528 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3 TF1 −9.6 54 Glycitein −6.3 |
T88 |
1529-1563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4 TF2a −9.3 55 Wogonin −6.3 |
T89 |
1564-1606 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5 Hesperidin −8.8 56 Phloretin −6.3 |
T90 |
1607-1642 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6 EGCG −7.3 57 Catechin −6.2 |
T91 |
1643-1686 |
Sentence |
denotes |
7 Myricetin −7.2 58 Urolithin B −6.2 |
T92 |
1687-1733 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8 Quercetagetin −7.0 59 Angolensin −6.2 |
T93 |
1734-1774 |
Sentence |
denotes |
9 Quercetin −6.9 60 Pinosylvin −6.2 |
T94 |
1775-1817 |
Sentence |
denotes |
10 Curcumin −6.9 61 Formononetin −6.2 |
T95 |
1818-1870 |
Sentence |
denotes |
11 Dihydrorobinetin −6.8 62 Liquiritigenin −6.2 |
T96 |
1871-1909 |
Sentence |
denotes |
12 Peonidin −6.8 63 Prunetin −6.2 |
T97 |
1910-1948 |
Sentence |
denotes |
13 Fisetin −6.8 64 Alpinetin −6.2 |
T98 |
1949-1991 |
Sentence |
denotes |
14 Robinetin −6.7 65 Biochanin A −6.2 |
T99 |
1992-2042 |
Sentence |
denotes |
15 5-Deoxygalangin −6.7 66 Rhapontigenin −6.1 |
T100 |
2043-2084 |
Sentence |
denotes |
16 Kaempferol −6.7 67 Genistein −6.1 |
T101 |
2085-2126 |
Sentence |
denotes |
17 Scutellarein −6.7 68 Chrysin −6.1 |
T102 |
2127-2180 |
Sentence |
denotes |
18 (-)-Epicatechin −6.7 69 6-Hydroxyflavone −6.1 |
T103 |
2181-2216 |
Sentence |
denotes |
19 Purpurin −6.7 70 Equol −6.1 |
T104 |
2217-2262 |
Sentence |
denotes |
20 Isorhamnetin −6.7 71 Piceatannol −6.1 |
T105 |
2263-2309 |
Sentence |
denotes |
21 Tricetin −6.6 72 Isorhapontigenin −6.0 |
T106 |
2310-2353 |
Sentence |
denotes |
22 Gossypetin −6.6 73 Resveratrol −5.8 |
T107 |
2354-2396 |
Sentence |
denotes |
23 Norathyriol −6.6 74 Danshensu −5.7 |
T108 |
2397-2436 |
Sentence |
denotes |
24 Coumestrol −6.6 75 Eugenin −5.6 |
T109 |
2437-2485 |
Sentence |
denotes |
25 Isosakuranetin −6.6 76 Sinapic acid −5.5 |
T110 |
2486-2537 |
Sentence |
denotes |
26 Pectolinarigenin −6.6 77 Pterostilbene −5.5 |
T111 |
2538-2582 |
Sentence |
denotes |
27 Tangeritin −6.6 78 Ferulic acid −5.4 |
T112 |
2583-2626 |
Sentence |
denotes |
28 Nobiletin −6.6 79 Caffeic acid −5.4 |
T113 |
2627-2674 |
Sentence |
denotes |
29 Pratensein −6.6 80 Isoferulic acid −5.4 |
T114 |
2675-2726 |
Sentence |
denotes |
30 Hispidulin −6.6 81 Dihydrocaffeic acid −5.4 |
T115 |
2727-2771 |
Sentence |
denotes |
31 Baicalein −6.5 82 Gentisic acid −5.3 |
T116 |
2772-2812 |
Sentence |
denotes |
32 Apigenin −6.5 83 Pyrogallol −5.3 |
T117 |
2813-2862 |
Sentence |
denotes |
33 Morin −6.5 84 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid −5.2 |
T118 |
2863-2911 |
Sentence |
denotes |
34 Urolithin A −6.5 85 Resacetophenone −5.2 |
T119 |
2912-2957 |
Sentence |
denotes |
35 Acacetin −6.5 86 Salicyclic acid −5.1 |
T120 |
2958-3005 |
Sentence |
denotes |
36 Pelargonidin −6.5 87 Syringic acid −5.1 |
T121 |
3006-3056 |
Sentence |
denotes |
37 Irilone −6.5 88 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid −5.1 |
T122 |
3057-3100 |
Sentence |
denotes |
38 Naringenin −6.5 89 Gallic acid −5.0 |
T123 |
3101-3155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
39 Pinocembrin −6.5 90 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid −5.0 |
T124 |
3156-3210 |
Sentence |
denotes |
40 Kaempferide −6.5 91 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid −5.0 |
T125 |
3211-3249 |
Sentence |
denotes |
41 Malvidin −6.5 92 Vanillin −5.0 |
T126 |
3250-3295 |
Sentence |
denotes |
42 Luteolin −6.4 93 p-Coumeric acid −4.9 |
T127 |
3296-3340 |
Sentence |
denotes |
43 Dalbergin −6.4 94 Vanillic acid −4.8 |
T128 |
3341-3376 |
Sentence |
denotes |
44 Butein −6.4 95 Paeonol −4.8 |
T129 |
3377-3428 |
Sentence |
denotes |
45 Biochanin A (1-) −6.4 96 Cinnamic acid −4.7 |
T130 |
3429-3476 |
Sentence |
denotes |
46 Fustin −6.4 97 Protocatechuic acid −4.6 |
T131 |
3477-3528 |
Sentence |
denotes |
47 5-Hydroxyflavone −6.4 98 4-Ethylphenol −4.5 |
T132 |
3529-3570 |
Sentence |
denotes |
48 Pinostrobin −6.4 99 Catechol −4.5 |
T133 |
3571-3612 |
Sentence |
denotes |
49 Pinobanksin −6.4 100 Tyrosol −4.5 |
T134 |
3613-3651 |
Sentence |
denotes |
50 Datiscetin −6.3 101 GTP −7.9 |
T135 |
3652-3695 |
Sentence |
denotes |
51 Galangin −6.3 102 Remdesivir −7.7 |
T136 |
3697-3703 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.3. |
T137 |
3705-3740 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Docking studies using AutoDock Vina |
T138 |
3741-3923 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The energy-minimized structure of all the natural polyphenols, remdesivir, and GTP were docked with the receptor (RdRp of SARS-CoV-2) using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 (Trott & Olson, 2010). |
T139 |
3924-4112 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ligand files were further saved in PDBQT file format, a modified PDB format containing atomic charges, atom type definitions for ligands, and topological information (rotatable bonds). |
T140 |
4113-4236 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A grid box (30 Å × 30 Å × 30 Å) centered at (121, 120, 125) Å for the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, was used in the docking experiments. |
T141 |
4237-4326 |
Sentence |
denotes |
After the receptor-ligand preparation, docking runs were started from the command prompt. |
T142 |
4327-4451 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The lowest binding energy and best-docked conformation were considered as the ligand molecule with maximum binding affinity. |
T143 |
4453-4459 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.1.4. |
T144 |
4461-4488 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Protein-ligand interactions |
T145 |
4489-4672 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LigPlot+ was used to investigate protein-ligand interactions for a given .pdb file containing the docked conformation and also the final simulated conformation (Wallace et al., 1995). |
T146 |
4673-4768 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The LigPlot+ program self-generated schematic 2D representations of protein-ligand interaction. |
T147 |
4769-4922 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The output file represents the intermolecular interactions and their strengths, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic contacts, and atom accessibilities. |
T148 |
4923-5055 |
Sentence |
denotes |
H-bonds are shown in green dotted lines, whereas residues involved in hydrophobic interaction are represented in the red semicircle. |