LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7435837 / 12167-16903 JSONTXT 12 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T92 0-2 Sentence denotes 4.
T93 3-73 Sentence denotes The Role of Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infections
T94 74-170 Sentence denotes Mammalian cell membranes are decorated by glycoproteins that contain glycans or polysaccharides.
T95 171-376 Sentence denotes As described above, polysaccharides and proteins can interact and if the interaction happened to be between matching polysaccharides and proteins [51], a viral infection, for example, will take place [52].
T96 377-565 Sentence denotes Antiviral polysaccharides can, therefore, be very efficient against viral, and other pathogenic, infections if appropriate polysaccharide moieties can be exploited for protein recognition.
T97 566-701 Sentence denotes Through recognition of the pathogen mucopolysaccharides, or glycosaminoglycans (GAG), have significant potential to explore drug leads.
T98 702-821 Sentence denotes GAG is expressed ubiquitously throughout the body on cell surfaces as well as in the extracellular space between cells.
T99 822-975 Sentence denotes An interesting property of these polysaccharides is that they are very diverse in their structure and also not monodisperse, precisely defined molecules.
T100 976-1101 Sentence denotes Various enzymes are capable of modifying these polysaccharides at various bodily sites to perform a particular function [53].
T101 1102-1238 Sentence denotes GAG is distinguished into four categories namely heparin/heparin sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronan.
T102 1239-1359 Sentence denotes One can deduce that the GAG biopolymers are sulfated, except for hyaluronic acid [54], and therefore negatively charged.
T103 1360-1465 Sentence denotes GAG is a class of naturally occurring polysaccharides that are commonly described as mucopolysaccharides.
T104 1466-1554 Sentence denotes Mucopolysaccharides are commonly found in the mucous and act as viscous lubricants [55].
T105 1555-1913 Sentence denotes Mucopolysaccharides were traditionally considered to be inert, however, of late have been increasingly more recognized for their immunomodulatory action due to the multipotent recognition of various lectins [55,56,57] or specific protein recognition that often forms the basis from polysaccharide drugs are derived for broad-spectrum antiviral activity [58].
T106 1914-1972 Sentence denotes GAG can also be tailored to elicit specific bioactivities.
T107 1973-2138 Sentence denotes Reported specific examples include the modification of heparin-like structures against for example dengue and flaviviruses [59], herpes simplex 1 and 2 viruses [60].
T108 2139-2310 Sentence denotes GAG-derived drugs can act as a decoy target for viral recognition [61] and therefore prevent cell membrane interaction that will allow virus entry into the host cell [62].
T109 2311-2432 Sentence denotes They also facilitate cell adhesion, cell growth, and differentiation, as well as cell signaling and anticoagulation [55].
T110 2433-2590 Sentence denotes Since these molecules are polymers, numerous sites for binding interactions exist and pathogens might even be capable of incorporating host cell glycans [9].
T111 2591-2799 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses have been known to interact with heparin sulfate proteoglycans, one of the most commonly occurring glycoproteins in eukaryotic organisms, and facilitate virion adsorption to cell membranes [63].
T112 2800-3022 Sentence denotes The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is shown to interact with heparin which is derived from the GAG, heparan sulfate and this indicated a potential target for heparan and heparin-derived drugs against SARS-CoV-2 [64,65,66,67].
T113 3023-3118 Sentence denotes Heparan sulfate is a promising target since heparin glycans are widely expressed in lung cells.
T114 3119-3248 Sentence denotes Heparan sulfate is an important co-receptor for ACE-2 since ACE-2 receptor expression is too low to directly result in infection.
T115 3249-3423 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV [68,69] and CoV-NL63 [70] coronaviruses initially bind to heparin sulfate which concentrates the virion concentration close to the ACE-2 receptor for cellular entry.
T116 3424-3655 Sentence denotes Studies involving other SARS-CoV-2-unrelated viruses such as the Ebola virus [71], human metapneumovirus [72], and Ross River virus [73] have also illustrated that the heparan sulfate is a common glycan receptor for viral proteins.
T117 3656-3916 Sentence denotes It is strongly suggested that an electrostatic interaction is to blame for the interaction between negatively charged sulfate groups of GAGs and positively charged arginine amino acid residues of the virion binding S1 subunit responsible for virion adsorption.
T118 3917-4150 Sentence denotes CoV-NL63 [74], hepatitis E virus [75], capsid proteins of adeno-associated virus type 2 [76], and swine fever virus [77] are but a few viruses that indicated cationic electrostatic interaction with negatively charged heparan sulfate.
T119 4151-4260 Sentence denotes It was again found that significant attention is garnered by the development of polysaccharide-derived drugs.
T120 4261-4403 Sentence denotes The focus now shifts on these examples, however, one has to recognize the protein-glycan interaction between pathogen and host cell membranes.
T121 4404-4530 Sentence denotes It is also apparent from the literature that sulfated GAGs are the most potent receptors for a huge variety of virus proteins.
T122 4531-4736 Sentence denotes The occurrence of electrostatic interactions between the spike proteins of coronaviruses, among others, and the prominent GAG, heparan sulfate introduces the discussion on layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating.