LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7417114 / 1468-7768 JSONTXT 12 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T9 0-51 Sentence denotes Clinical need for effective treatments for COVID-19
T10 52-198 Sentence denotes A novel human coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly named 2019-nCoV), emerged in Wuhan, China.
T11 199-382 Sentence denotes The outbreak in the previously unexposed human population was marked by high morbidity caused by SARS-CoV-2 as a result of the associated disease COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-2019).
T12 383-538 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need for the development of therapies targeting both direct viral infection and the inflammatory immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2.
T13 539-682 Sentence denotes While many patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infections have mild symptomatology, pathology can be severe in a subset of patients (Figure 1).
T14 683-835 Sentence denotes Overall, COVID-19 has milder clinical manifestations and lower fatality than infections by the related viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Figures 1 and 2).
T15 836-877 Sentence denotes However, COVID-19 infection can be fatal.
T16 878-1202 Sentence denotes Repurposing of drugs that have pre-existing FDA-approval as treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses offers an attractive opportunity for the rapid deployment of effective therapeutics in the setting of the current pandemic outbreak, where treatment options are largely limited to supportive and symptomatic care.
T17 1203-1212 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T18 1213-1231 Sentence denotes Covid-19 symptoms.
T19 1232-1241 Sentence denotes Figure 2.
T20 1242-1291 Sentence denotes Comparison of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.
T21 1292-1511 Sentence denotes While symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection initiate with viral infection, the severe and sometimes fatal pathology seen with COVID-19 is primarily due to the onset of a virus-driven hyper-inflammatory response.
T22 1512-1794 Sentence denotes For example, the first autopsy of a COVID-19 patient demonstrated the rapid progression of pneumonia and overactivation of T lymphocytes, which failed to establish an effective immune response and resulted in tissue injury, including lung damage and failure of other organs (1) (2).
T23 1795-2060 Sentence denotes Consequently, while therapy-related suppression of viral infection and replication is a goal of current treatment approaches, it is posited that judicious suppression of the inflammatory response is also likely to benefit patients with severe COVID-19 disease. (3).
T24 2061-2350 Sentence denotes The most common presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 are fever, dyspnea or dry cough, which are consistent with lower respiratory tract infection; other symptoms found to occur in less than 10% of COVID-19 patients analyzed include GI distress (diarrhea, vomiting), headache and weakness (4).
T25 2351-2515 Sentence denotes Loss of smell and taste have also been reported in a sizable number of patients, including two-thirds of patients in Germany and 30% of patients in South Korea (5).
T26 2516-2675 Sentence denotes A hallmark feature of COVID-19 infection is a distinct chest tomography pattern of bilateral peripheral ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities (6).
T27 2676-2742 Sentence denotes These findings can even be seen in patients with minimal symptoms.
T28 2743-3003 Sentence denotes Potentially fatal sequelae of COVID-19 infection include respiratory failure in the form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is typified by diffuse alveolar damage in early stages followed by fibroproliferation and fibrosis in prolonged cases.
T29 3004-3162 Sentence denotes This leads to respiratory failure, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation as a supportive therapy allowing time for viral clearance and lung healing.
T30 3163-3403 Sentence denotes Also leading to complications and increased risk of death are pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis and angiogenesis, symptoms of which distinguish lung pathobiology of COVID-19 patients from that of severe influenza infection (7).
T31 3404-3569 Sentence denotes Additionally, liver, heart and kidney failure, life-threatening coagulopathies, and cases of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) have been reported.
T32 3570-4024 Sentence denotes Of note, sHLH is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation as demonstrated by markedly elevated levels of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, resulting in elevated serum inflammatory markers such as ferritin, cytopenias, and multiorgan failure (8) (3) (9).
T33 4025-4324 Sentence denotes The point of entry for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed in the heart and upregulated in the failing heart (10), and ACE2 receptor levels have been found to be significantly expressed in various organs in the body, such as the esophagus, kidney and bladder (11).
T34 4325-4453 Sentence denotes These are potential target organs for SARS-CoV-2 and could explain the observed systemic inflammation beyond respiratory issues.
T35 4454-4619 Sentence denotes In addition, there is evidence for the presence of ACE2 in brain tissue (12), which could explain some of the observed brain manifestations associated with COVID-19.
T36 4620-4860 Sentence denotes Long-term or permanent lung damage in the form of pulmonary fibrosis, an epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-mediated process, has been observed in survivors of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and occurs in up to 64% of patients with ARDS (13).
T37 4861-5010 Sentence denotes In a study following a SARS-CoV outbreak, thin-section computed tomographic findings revealed fibrotic changes in 62 % of the patients observed (14).
T38 5011-5191 Sentence denotes Pre-existing co-morbidities that appear to worsen the course of SARS-CoV-2 disease include cancer, kidney disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (15).
T39 5192-5414 Sentence denotes The elderly (>60 years of age) are generally the most vulnerable to the virus with significant increased mortality in patients over the age of 85, with precipitous onset of pneumonia and systemic inflammatory changes (15).
T40 5415-5569 Sentence denotes Interestingly, unlike influenza, children, who account for 1-5% of COVID-19 cases, and those under the age of 30 are generally spared severe illness (16).
T41 5570-5713 Sentence denotes The reason for this predilection for older adults is unclear, however may be related to dysregulated immune response in these individuals (17).
T42 5714-5866 Sentence denotes Still, severe symptoms are observed in up to 6.7% of children, typically those with underlying health issues or who are under the age of 12 months (16).
T43 5867-5995 Sentence denotes As reviewed and proposed below, there are three major needs that have yet to be met for effective management of COVID19 disease:
T44 5996-6300 Sentence denotes 1) anti-viral therapies that limit viral transmission, cell entry, and replication, 2) therapies that attenuate the non-productive immune response and thus decrease end-organ damage, and 3) therapies that have an anti-fibrotic effect in patients with ARDS and thus decrease long-term sequelae of disease.