LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7408073 / 48938-53763 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T234 0-179 Sentence denotes Zinc is considered a relatively nontoxic metal; however, several data report that excessive free extracellular zinc is toxic and induce apoptosis in different cell types [91,102].
T235 180-513 Sentence denotes Plasma excess of free Zn2+ is uptaken by ZIP transporters on the cell surface of each cells in contact with plasma (including immune cells, endothelial cells, neurons and cardiomyocytes), leading to increase of intracellular zinc that can modulate zinc associated cellular functions in both physiological and pathological conditions.
T236 514-944 Sentence denotes Indeed, zinc is an important mediator/messenger involved in several cellular activities and the shift of zinc from plasma to cells may be significant for both normal physiological processes including energy metabolism, blood coagulation, and zinc signalling, and a range of disease states, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, endothelial stress, diabetes and thrombosis [91].
T237 945-1171 Sentence denotes For example, excess zinc intake has been shown to contribute to both amyloid beta-peptide plaque formation in Alzheimer’s disease and cardiac dysfunction, indicating that free zinc ion may be much more toxic than thought [91].
T238 1172-1448 Sentence denotes It has been reported that Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative disease patients show elevated levels not only of Zn2+ but also of other divalent metals such as Fe2+ and Cu2+ [112], suggesting a possible link between the increase metal ions and saturation of ZIP transporters.
T239 1449-1662 Sentence denotes On the other hand, increased plasma ferritin levels (such as in COVID-19 [2,3,6]) might reduce free Fe2+ and its “competition” with Zn2+ for ZIP transporters, finally increasing cellular zinc uptake and functions.
T240 1663-1802 Sentence denotes To this regard, EDTA metal chelator has been shown to protect from neural cell death and it was tested in neurodegenerative diseases [102].
T241 1803-1985 Sentence denotes Of interest, plasma albumin acts as a transport protein for both metal ions such as zinc and hydrophobic molecules such as free fatty acid (FFA) to allow their systemic distribution.
T242 1986-2167 Sentence denotes Indeed, albumin is well beyond a mere carrier of metal ions and hydrophobic molecules, and by binding of these different molecules mediates their crosstalk and bioavailability [91].
T243 2168-2280 Sentence denotes To this regard, one particularly intriguing allosteric link exists between FFA and zinc binding to albumin [91].
T244 2281-2486 Sentence denotes When FFAs with ten or more carbon atoms bind to albumin causes the release of Zn2+, suggesting a possible link between dyslipidemia and toxic effects mediated by consequent increase of free zinc in plasma.
T245 2487-2675 Sentence denotes For example, endothelial stress and activation and pro-inflammatory action of FFAs may be mediated by their effects on free zinc release from albumin and its consequent efflux from plasma.
T246 2676-2846 Sentence denotes Different studies have suggested a role of albumin to inhibit interaction of free Zn2+ with amyloid beta-peptides and combat plaque formation in Alzheimer’s disease [91].
T247 2847-2960 Sentence denotes Zn2+ has also been shown to promote clot stability by binding to fibrinogen and inhibiting heparin activity [91].
T248 2961-3082 Sentence denotes An evidence that has suggested a possible positive correlation between increased levels of FFAs and thrombotic risk [91].
T249 3083-3312 Sentence denotes In addition, physiological conditions associated with elevated plasma FFAs, such as physical exercise, can also produce an increased plasma level of free zinc and its downstream physiological events (e.g., activation of the RAS).
T250 3313-3481 Sentence denotes On the other hand, reduced concentrations of plasma albumin (such as IBD, ARDS and COVID-19) will induce elevated plasma levels of both free FFAs and bioavailable zinc.
T251 3482-3644 Sentence denotes Intriguingly, ARDS is induced after inhalation exposure to ZnCl2/ZnO/hexachloroethane, the main ingredients in smoke bombs used for crowd dispersal [100,101,102].
T252 3645-3762 Sentence denotes To this regard, soldiers that breathed smoke-bomb fumes have been shown to quickly or slowly develope ARDS [100,101].
T253 3763-3945 Sentence denotes Interestingly, a patient who had the highest level of serum zinc rapidly developed ARDS that leads to death from multiorgan failure (including respiratory and hepatic failure) [100].
T254 3946-4233 Sentence denotes Instead, a slow progressive clinical course was associated with a significant increase of plasma zinc concentration that negatively correlated with pulmonary and liver function [100], finally leading to death for severe respiratory failure three to five weeks after inhalation [100,101].
T255 4234-4334 Sentence denotes At autopsy diffuse microvascular obliteration and marked endothelial cell injury was apparent [101].
T256 4335-4527 Sentence denotes Widespread occlusion of the pulmonary arteries may contribute to the development of acute pulmonary hypertension and extensive interstitial and intra-alveolar fibrosis was also observed [101].
T257 4528-4740 Sentence denotes Other soldiers wearing gas masks, immediately developed severe coughing and dyspnea, and slowly improved their lung function (only twelve months after exposure their lung function tests were nearly normal) [101].
T258 4741-4825 Sentence denotes All clinical conditions that strongly resemble those described in COVID-19 patients.