Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T283 |
0-165 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Coronavirus is the most prominent example of a virus that has crossed the species barrier twice from wild animals to humans during SARS and MERS outbreaks (79, 102). |
T284 |
166-294 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The possibility of crossing the species barrier for the third time has also been suspected in the case of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). |
T285 |
295-392 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bats are recognized as a possible natural reservoir host of both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection. |
T286 |
393-521 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast, the possible intermediary host is the palm civet for SARS-CoV and the dromedary camel for MERS-CoV infection (102). |
T287 |
522-591 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bats are considered the ancestral hosts for both SARS and MERS (103). |
T288 |
592-694 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bats are also considered the reservoir host of human coronaviruses like HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 (104). |
T289 |
695-893 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the case of COVID-19, there are two possibilities for primary transmission: it can be transmitted either through intermediate hosts, similar to that of SARS and MERS, or directly from bats (103). |
T290 |
894-1157 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The emergence paradigm put forward in the SARS outbreak suggests that SARS-CoV originated from bats (reservoir host) and later jumped to civets (intermediate host) and incorporated changes within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to improve binding to civet ACE2. |
T291 |
1158-1316 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This civet-adapted virus, during their subsequent exposure to humans at live markets, promoted further adaptations that resulted in the epidemic strain (104). |
T292 |
1317-1412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transmission can also occur directly from the reservoir host to humans without RBD adaptations. |
T293 |
1413-1603 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The bat coronavirus that is currently in circulation maintains specific “poised” spike proteins that facilitate human infection without the requirement of any mutations or adaptations (105). |
T294 |
1604-1705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Altogether, different species of bats carry a massive number of coronaviruses around the world (106). |