LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7405836 / 27001-37679 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T187 0-59 Sentence denotes Viewpoint on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Spread, and Emergence
T188 60-138 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus was identified within 1 month (28 days) of the outbreak.
T189 139-275 Sentence denotes This is impressively fast compared to the time taken to identify SARS-CoV reported in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China (125 days) (68).
T190 276-534 Sentence denotes Immediately after the confirmation of viral etiology, the Chinese virologists rapidly released the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, which played a crucial role in controlling the spread of this newly emerged novel coronavirus to other parts of the world (69).
T191 535-640 Sentence denotes The possible origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the first mode of disease transmission are not yet identified (70).
T192 641-813 Sentence denotes Analysis of the initial cluster of infections suggests that the infected individuals had a common exposure point, a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (Fig. 6).
T193 814-933 Sentence denotes The restaurants of this market are well-known for providing different types of wild animals for human consumption (71).
T194 934-1045 Sentence denotes The Huanan South China Seafood Market also sells live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, and marmots (72).
T195 1046-1130 Sentence denotes This might be the point where zoonotic (animal-to-human) transmission occurred (71).
T196 1131-1397 Sentence denotes Although SARS-CoV-2 is alleged to have originated from an animal host (zoonotic origin) with further human-to-human transmission (Fig. 6), the likelihood of foodborne transmission should be ruled out with further investigations, since it is a latent possibility (1).
T197 1398-1632 Sentence denotes Additionally, other potential and expected routes would be associated with transmission, as in other respiratory viruses, by direct contact, such as shaking contaminated hands, or by direct contact with contaminated surfaces (Fig. 6).
T198 1633-1827 Sentence denotes Still, whether blood transfusion and organ transplantation (276), as well as transplacental and perinatal routes, are possible routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be determined (Fig. 6).
T199 1828-1880 Sentence denotes FIG 6 Potential transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2.
T200 1881-2040 Sentence denotes From experience with several outbreaks associated with known emerging viruses, higher pathogenicity of a virus is often associated with lower transmissibility.
T201 2041-2205 Sentence denotes Compared to emerging viruses like Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has relatively lower pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility (15).
T202 2206-2320 Sentence denotes The risk of death among individuals infected with COVID-19 was calculated using the infection fatality risk (IFR).
T203 2321-2467 Sentence denotes The IFR was found to be in the range of 0.3% to 0.6%, which is comparable to that of a previous Asian influenza pandemic (1957 to 1958) (73, 277).
T204 2468-2609 Sentence denotes Notably, the reanalysis of the COVID-19 pandemic curve from the initial cluster of cases pointed to considerable human-to-human transmission.
T205 2610-2883 Sentence denotes It is opined that the exposure history of SARS-CoV-2 at the Wuhan seafood market originated from human-to-human transmission rather than animal-to-human transmission (74); however, in light of the zoonotic spillover in COVID-19, is too early to fully endorse this idea (1).
T206 2884-3093 Sentence denotes Following the initial infection, human-to-human transmission has been observed with a preliminary reproduction number (R0) estimate of 1.4 to 2.5 (70, 75), and recently it is estimated to be 2.24 to 3.58 (76).
T207 3094-3257 Sentence denotes In another study, the average reproductive number of COVID-19 was found to be 3.28, which is significantly higher than the initial WHO estimate of 1.4 to 2.5 (77).
T208 3258-3366 Sentence denotes It is too early to obtain the exact R0 value, since there is a possibility of bias due to insufficient data.
T209 3367-3490 Sentence denotes The higher R0 value is indicative of the more significant potential of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a susceptible population.
T210 3491-3629 Sentence denotes This is not the first time where the culinary practices of China have been blamed for the origin of novel coronavirus infection in humans.
T211 3630-3768 Sentence denotes Previously, the animals present in the live-animal market were identified to be the intermediate hosts of the SARS outbreak in China (78).
T212 3769-3899 Sentence denotes Several wildlife species were found to harbor potentially evolving coronavirus strains that can overcome the species barrier (79).
T213 3900-4019 Sentence denotes One of the main principles of Chinese food culture is that live-slaughtered animals are considered more nutritious (5).
T214 4020-4149 Sentence denotes After 4 months of struggle that lasted from December 2019 to March 2020, the COVID-19 situation now seems under control in China.
T215 4150-4455 Sentence denotes The wet animal markets have reopened, and people have started buying bats, dogs, cats, birds, scorpions, badgers, rabbits, pangolins (scaly anteaters), minks, soup from palm civet, ostriches, hamsters, snapping turtles, ducks, fish, Siamese crocodiles, and other animal meats without any fear of COVID-19.
T216 4456-4537 Sentence denotes The Chinese government is encouraging people to feel they can return to normalcy.
T217 4538-4728 Sentence denotes However, this could be a risk, as it has been mentioned in advisories that people should avoid contact with live-dead animals as much as possible, as SARS-CoV-2 has shown zoonotic spillover.
T218 4729-4895 Sentence denotes Additionally, we cannot rule out the possibility of new mutations in the same virus being closely related to contact with both animals and humans at the market (284).
T219 4896-4991 Sentence denotes In January 2020, China imposed a temporary ban on the sale of live-dead animals in wet markets.
T220 4992-5124 Sentence denotes However, now hundreds of such wet markets have been reopened without optimizing standard food safety and sanitation practices (286).
T221 5125-5328 Sentence denotes With China being the most populated country in the world and due to its domestic and international food exportation policies, the whole world is now facing the menace of COVID-19, including China itself.
T222 5329-5409 Sentence denotes Wet markets of live-dead animals do not maintain strict food hygienic practices.
T223 5410-5583 Sentence denotes Fresh blood splashes are present everywhere, on the floor and tabletops, and such food customs could encourage many pathogens to adapt, mutate, and jump the species barrier.
T224 5584-5716 Sentence denotes As a result, the whole world is suffering from novel SARS-CoV-2, with more than 4,170,424 cases and 287,399 deaths across the globe.
T225 5717-5934 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need for a rational international campaign against the unhealthy food practices of China to encourage the sellers to increase hygienic food practices or close the crude live-dead animal wet markets.
T226 5935-6153 Sentence denotes There is a need to modify food policies at national and international levels to avoid further life threats and economic consequences from any emerging or reemerging pandemic due to close animal-human interaction (285).
T227 6154-6326 Sentence denotes Even though individuals of all ages and sexes are susceptible to COVID-19, older people with an underlying chronic disease are more likely to become severely infected (80).
T228 6327-6457 Sentence denotes Recently, individuals with asymptomatic infection were also found to act as a source of infection to susceptible individuals (81).
T229 6458-6644 Sentence denotes Both the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients secrete similar viral loads, which indicates that the transmission capacity of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients is very high.
T230 6645-6724 Sentence denotes Thus, SARS-CoV-2 transmission can happen early in the course of infection (82).
T231 6725-6842 Sentence denotes Atypical clinical manifestations have also been reported in COVID-19 in which the only reporting symptom was fatigue.
T232 6843-6923 Sentence denotes Such patients may lack respiratory signs, such as fever, cough, and sputum (83).
T233 6924-7079 Sentence denotes Hence, the clinicians must be on the look-out for the possible occurrence of atypical clinical manifestations to avoid the possibility of missed diagnosis.
T234 7080-7280 Sentence denotes The early transmission ability of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be similar to or slightly higher than that of SARS-CoV, reflecting that it could be controlled despite moderate to high transmissibility (84).
T235 7281-7433 Sentence denotes Increasing reports of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and wastewater warrants the need for further investigation due to the possibility of fecal-oral transmission.
T236 7434-7588 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 present in environmental compartments such as soil and water will finally end up in the wastewater and sewage sludge of treatment plants (328).
T237 7589-7769 Sentence denotes Therefore, we have to reevaluate the current wastewater and sewage sludge treatment procedures and introduce advanced techniques that are specific and effective against SARS-CoV-2.
T238 7770-7931 Sentence denotes Since there is active shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the stool, the prevalence of infections in a large population can be studied using wastewater-based epidemiology.
T239 7932-8121 Sentence denotes Recently, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to enumerate the copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrated from wastewater collected from a wastewater treatment plant (327).
T240 8122-8205 Sentence denotes The calculated viral RNA copy numbers determine the number of infected individuals.
T241 8206-8435 Sentence denotes The increasing reports of virus shedding via the fecal route warrants the introduction of negative fecal viral nucleic acid test results as one of the additional discharge criteria in laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 (326).
T242 8436-8567 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic does not have any novel factors, other than the genetically unique pathogen and a further possible reservoir.
T243 8568-8683 Sentence denotes The cause and the likely future outcome are just repetitions of our previous interactions with fatal coronaviruses.
T244 8684-8784 Sentence denotes The only difference is the time of occurrence and the genetic distinctness of the pathogen involved.
T245 8785-8932 Sentence denotes Mutations on the RBD of CoVs facilitated their capability of infecting newer hosts, thereby expanding their reach to all corners of the world (85).
T246 8933-9001 Sentence denotes This is a potential threat to the health of both animals and humans.
T247 9002-9196 Sentence denotes Advanced studies using Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction identified the most probable origin of SARS-CoV-2 as the bat SARS-like coronavirus, circulating in the Rhinolophus bat family (86).
T248 9197-9408 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis of 10 whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed that they are related to two CoVs of bat origin, namely, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, which were reported during 2018 in China (17).
T249 9409-9564 Sentence denotes It was reported that SARS-CoV-2 had been confirmed to use ACE2 as an entry receptor while exhibiting an RBD similar to that of SARS-CoV (17, 87, 254, 255).
T250 9565-9657 Sentence denotes Several countries have provided recommendations to their people traveling to China (88, 89).
T251 9658-9818 Sentence denotes Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 human-to-human transmission was thought to be less.
T252 9819-9963 Sentence denotes This assumption was based on the finding that health workers were affected less than they were in previous outbreaks of fatal coronaviruses (2).
T253 9964-10075 Sentence denotes Superspreading events are considered the main culprit for the extensive transmission of SARS and MERS (90, 91).
T254 10076-10284 Sentence denotes Almost half of the MERS-CoV cases reported in Saudi Arabia are of secondary origin that occurred through contact with infected asymptomatic or symptomatic individuals through human-to-human transmission (92).
T255 10285-10405 Sentence denotes The occurrence of superspreading events in the COVID-19 outbreak cannot be ruled out until its possibility is evaluated.
T256 10406-10506 Sentence denotes Like SARS and MERS, COVID-19 can also infect the lower respiratory tract, with milder symptoms (27).
T257 10507-10678 Sentence denotes The basic reproduction number of COVID-19 has been found to be in the range of 2.8 to 3.3 based on real-time reports and 3.2 to 3.9 based on predicted infected cases (84).