LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7405836 / 105858-113183 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T725 0-15 Sentence denotes Antiviral Drugs
T726 16-223 Sentence denotes Several classes of routinely used antiviral drugs, like oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor), acyclovir, ganciclovir, and ribavirin, do not have any effect on COVID-19 and, hence, are not recommended (187).
T727 224-421 Sentence denotes Oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, has been explored in Chinese hospitals for treating suspected COVID-19 cases, although proven efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is still lacking for this drug (7).
T728 422-738 Sentence denotes The in vitro antiviral potential of FAD-approved drugs, viz., ribavirin, penciclovir, nitazoxanide, nafamostat, and chloroquine, tested in comparison to remdesivir and favipiravir (broad-spectrum antiviral drugs) revealed remdesivir and chloroquine to be highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro (194).
T729 739-956 Sentence denotes Ribavirin, penciclovir, and favipiravir might not possess noteworthy in vivo antiviral actions for SARS-CoV-2, since higher concentrations of these nucleoside analogs are needed in vitro to lessen the viral infection.
T730 957-1131 Sentence denotes Both remdesivir and chloroquine are being used in humans to treat other diseases, and such safer drugs can be explored for assessing their effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.
T731 1132-1291 Sentence denotes Several therapeutic agents, such as lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, have been proposed for the clinical management of COVID-19 (299).
T732 1292-1624 Sentence denotes A molecular docking study, conducted in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 using different commercially available antipolymerase drugs, identified that drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, galidesivir, tenofovir, and sofosbuvir bind RdRp tightly, indicating their vast potential to be used against COVID-19 (305).
T733 1625-1853 Sentence denotes A broad-spectrum antiviral drug that was developed in the United States, tilorone dihydrochloride (tilorone), was previously found to possess potent antiviral activity against MERS, Marburg, Ebola, and Chikungunya viruses (306).
T734 1854-1938 Sentence denotes Even though it had broad-spectrum activity, it was neglected for an extended period.
T735 1939-2018 Sentence denotes Tilorone is another antiviral drug that might have activity against SARS-CoV-2.
T736 2019-2256 Sentence denotes Remdesivir, a novel nucleotide analog prodrug, was developed for treating Ebola virus disease (EVD), and it was also found to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in primary human airway epithelial cell culture systems (195).
T737 2257-2368 Sentence denotes Recently, in vitro study has proven that remdesivir has better antiviral activity than lopinavir and ritonavir.
T738 2369-2650 Sentence denotes Further, in vivo studies conducted in mice also identified that treatment with remdesivir improved pulmonary function and reduced viral loads and lung pathology both in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens compared to lopinavir/ritonavir-IFN-γ treatment in MERS-CoV infection (8).
T739 2651-2796 Sentence denotes Remdesivir also inhibits a diverse range of coronaviruses, including circulating human CoV, zoonotic bat CoV, and prepandemic zoonotic CoV (195).
T740 2797-2904 Sentence denotes Remdesivir is also considered the only therapeutic drug that significantly reduces pulmonary pathology (8).
T741 2905-3043 Sentence denotes All these findings indicate that remdesivir has to be further evaluated for its efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 infection in humans.
T742 3044-3179 Sentence denotes The broad-spectrum activity exhibited by remdesivir will help control the spread of disease in the event of a new coronavirus outbreak.
T743 3180-3347 Sentence denotes Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug known to possess antiviral activity due to its ability to block virus-cell fusion by raising the endosomal pH necessary for fusion.
T744 3348-3493 Sentence denotes It also interferes with virus-receptor binding by interfering with the terminal glycosylation of SARS-CoV cellular receptors, such as ACE2 (196).
T745 3494-3701 Sentence denotes In a recent multicenter clinical trial that was conducted in China, chloroquine phosphate was found to exhibit both efficacy and safety in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia (197).
T746 3702-3835 Sentence denotes This drug is already included in the treatment guidelines issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.
T747 3836-3946 Sentence denotes The preliminary clinical trials using hydroxychloroquine, another aminoquinoline drug, gave promising results.
T748 3947-4062 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 patients received 600 mg of hydroxychloroquine daily along with azithromycin as a single-arm protocol.
T749 4063-4146 Sentence denotes This protocol was found to be associated with a noteworthy reduction in viral load.
T750 4147-4303 Sentence denotes Finally, it resulted in a complete cure (271); however, the study comprised a small population and, hence, the possibility of misinterpretation could arise.
T751 4304-4512 Sentence denotes However, in another case study, the authors raised concerns over the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, since no observable effect was seen when they were used.
T752 4513-4608 Sentence denotes In some cases, the treatment was discontinued due to the prolongation of the QT interval (307).
T753 4609-4694 Sentence denotes Hence, further randomized clinical trials are required before concluding this matter.
T754 4695-4807 Sentence denotes Recently, another FDA-approved drug, ivermectin, was reported to inhibit the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2.
T755 4808-4975 Sentence denotes The findings from this study indicate that a single treatment of this drug was able to induce an ∼5,000-fold reduction in the viral RNA at 48 h in cell culture. (308).
T756 4976-5091 Sentence denotes One of the main disadvantages that limit the clinical utility of ivermectin is its potential to cause cytotoxicity.
T757 5092-5284 Sentence denotes However, altering the vehicles used in the formulations, the pharmacokinetic properties can be modified, thereby having significant control over the systemic concentration of ivermectin (338).
T758 5285-5619 Sentence denotes Based on the pharmacokinetic simulation, it was also found that ivermectin may have limited therapeutic utility in managing COVID-19, since the inhibitory concentration that has to be achieved for effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity is far higher than the maximum plasma concentration achieved by administering the approved dose (340).
T759 5620-5761 Sentence denotes However, ivermectin, being a host-directed agent, exhibits antiviral activity by targeting a critical cellular process of the mammalian cell.
T760 5762-5872 Sentence denotes Therefore, the administration of ivermectin, even at lower doses, will reduce the viral load at a minor level.
T761 5873-6017 Sentence denotes This slight decrease will provide a great advantage to the immune system for mounting a large-scale antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 (341).
T762 6018-6235 Sentence denotes Further, a combination of ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine might have a synergistic effect, since ivermectin reduces viral replication, while hydroxychloroquine inhibits the entry of the virus in the host cell (339).
T763 6236-6396 Sentence denotes Further, in vivo studies and randomized clinical control trials are required to understand the mechanism as well as the clinical utility of this promising drug.
T764 6397-6482 Sentence denotes Nafamostat is a potent inhibitor of MERS-CoV that acts by preventing membrane fusion.
T765 6483-6579 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, it does not have any sort of inhibitory action against SARS-CoV-2 infection (194).
T766 6580-6785 Sentence denotes Recently, several newly synthesized halogenated triazole compounds were evaluated, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based helicase assays, for their ability to inhibit helicase activity.
T767 6786-7028 Sentence denotes Among the evaluated compounds, 4-(cyclopent-1-en-3-ylamino)-5-[2-(4-iodophenyl)hydrazinyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 4-(cyclopent-1-en-3-ylamino)-5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazinyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol were found to be the most potent.
T768 7029-7178 Sentence denotes These compounds were used for in silico studies, and molecular docking was accomplished into the active binding site of MERS-CoV helicase nsp13 (21).
T769 7179-7325 Sentence denotes Further studies are required for evaluating the therapeutic potential of these newly identified compounds in the management of COVID-19 infection.