LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7402624 / 31626-34701 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T183 0-234 Sentence denotes Projecting the flow cytometry data for B cells from HD, RD, and COVID-19 patients in tSNE space revealed a distinct picture of B cell populations in COVID-19 compared to controls, whereas RD and HD were similar (Fig. 4J and fig. S5J).
T184 235-357 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 patient B cell phenotype was dominated by loss of CXCR5 and IgD compared to B cells from HD and RD (Fig. 4J).
T185 358-485 Sentence denotes Moreover, the robust PB response was apparent in the upper right section, highlighted by CD27, CD38, CD138, and KI67 (Fig. 4J).
T186 486-629 Sentence denotes The expression of KI67 and CD95 in these CD27+CD38+CD138+ PB (Fig. 4J) could suggest recent generation and/or emigration from germinal centers.
T187 630-763 Sentence denotes We next asked whether there were different groups of COVID-19 patients (or HD and RD) with global differences in the B cell response.
T188 764-996 Sentence denotes We used Earth Movers Distance (EMD) (45) to calculate similarities between the probability distributions within the tSNE map (Fig. 4J) and clustered so that individuals with the most similar distributions grouped together (Fig. 4K).
T189 997-1150 Sentence denotes The majority of COVID-19 patients fell into two distinct groups (EMD Groups 1 and 3, Fig. 4L), suggesting two major “immunotypes” of the B cell response.
T190 1151-1386 Sentence denotes The remainder of the COVID-19 patients (~25%) clustered with the majority of the HD and all of the RD controls, supporting the observation that some individuals had limited evidence of response to infection in their B cell compartment.
T191 1387-1599 Sentence denotes To identify the population differences between HD, RD and COVID-19 patients, we performed FlowSOM clustering on the tSNE map, and also overlaid each individual EMD group onto this same tSNE map (Fig. 4, M and N).
T192 1600-1832 Sentence denotes EMD Group 2 containing mostly HD and RD was enriched for naive B cells (IgD+CD27−, Cluster 10) and CXCR5+IgD−CD27+ switched memory (Cluster 2) and, indeed, Clusters 2 and 10 were statistically reduced in COVID-19 patients (Fig. 4P).
T193 1833-1908 Sentence denotes EMD Groups 1 and 3 displayed distinct patterns across the FlowSOM clusters.
T194 1909-2060 Sentence denotes B cells from individuals in EMD Group 1 were enriched for the FlowSOM Clusters 1, 5, and 6, all of which were increased in COVID-19 patients (Fig. 4P).
T195 2061-2284 Sentence denotes FlowSOM Clusters 1 and 6 captured T-bet+ memory B cells whereas FlowSOM Cluster 5 contained the CD27+CD38+CD138+KI67+ PB, all of which were enriched in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (Fig. 4, O and P, and fig. S5K).
T196 2285-2521 Sentence denotes In contrast, B cells from COVID-19 patients in EMD Group 3 also showed enrichment for the PB FlowSOM Cluster 5, though less prominent than for EMD Group 1, but the T-bet+ memory B cell Cluster 1 was substantially reduced in EMD Group 3.
T197 2522-2742 Sentence denotes Thus, B cell responses were evident in many hospitalized COVID-19 patients, most often characterized by elevated PB, decreases in memory B cell subsets, enrichment in a T-bet+ B cell subset, and loss of CXCR5 expression.
T198 2743-2848 Sentence denotes Whether all of these changes in the B cell compartment were due to direct antiviral responses is unclear.
T199 2849-3075 Sentence denotes Although there was heterogeneity in the B cell responses, COVID-19 patients fell into two distinct patterns containing activated B cell responses and a third group of patients with little evidence of an active B cell response.