Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T146 |
0-258 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A key feature of COVID-19 disease is thought to be an inflammatory response that, at least in some patients, is linked to clinical disease manifestation (2, 4) and high levels of chemokines/cytokines, including IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CXCL10 (11, 41). |
T147 |
259-514 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To investigate the potential connection of inflammatory pathways to T cell responses, we performed 31-plex Luminex analysis on paired plasma and culture supernatants of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated PBMC from a subset of COVID-19 patients and HD controls. |
T148 |
515-679 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Due to biosafety restrictions, only eight COVID-19 patient blood samples that were confirmed SARS-CoV2 RNA negative in the blood by PCR could be studied (fig. S4A). |
T149 |
680-853 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Half of these COVID-19 patients had plasma CXCL10 concentrations that were ~15 fold higher than HD controls, whereas the remainder showed only a limited increase (fig. S4B). |
T150 |
854-912 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CXCL9, CCL2, and IL-1RA were also significantly increased. |
T151 |
913-1033 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast, chemokines involved in the recruitment of eosinophils (eotaxin) or activated T cells (CCL5) were decreased. |
T152 |
1034-1263 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL-6 was not elevated in this group of patients, in contrast to the subset of individuals tested clinically (fig. S1B), potentially because IL-6 was measured in the hospital setting often when systemic inflammation was suspected. |
T153 |
1264-1531 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following stimulation in vitro, PBMC from COVID-19 patients produced more CCL2, CXCL10, eotaxin, and IL-1RA than HD (fig. S4, C and D) and concentrations of CXCL10 and CCL2 correlated between the matched supernatant from stimulated PBMC and plasma samples (fig. S4E). |
T154 |
1532-1664 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Finally, we investigated whether CD8 T cells from COVID-19 subjects were capable of producing IFNɣ following polyclonal stimulation. |
T155 |
1665-1886 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following ɑCD3+ɑCD28 stimulation, similar proportions of CD8 T cells from COVID-19 patients and HD controls produced IFNɣ, suggesting that PBMC from COVID-19 patients were responsive to TCR crosslinking (fig. S4, F to H). |
T156 |
1887-2044 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ability of T cells to produce IFNɣ following stimulation occurred in patients with increases in KI67 as well as patients with low KI67 (fig. S4, F to H). |
T157 |
2045-2216 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Taken together, these data support the notion that a subgroup of COVID-19 patients has elevated systemic cytokines and chemokines, including myeloid recruiting chemokines. |