| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T18 |
0-377 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To analyze the incidence of fungal co-infections in COVID-19 patients, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, using the keywords “fungi” OR “fungus” OR “fungal infection” OR “invasive fungal diseases” OR “secondary infection” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “2019 novel coronavirus” without date (up to May 18, 2020) and language restrictions. |
| T19 |
378-476 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We also searched CNKI and Wanfang Data using the same terms in Chinese, with no time restrictions. |
| T20 |
477-617 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The title, abstract, and full text of related articles determined according to these search criteria were carefully reviewed by the authors. |
| T21 |
618-775 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Unfortunately, we have found very few articles reporting on fungal co-infections, not only that, some studies have not provided the details of the pathogens. |
| T22 |
776-918 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Even so, we found COVID-19 patients, especially severely ill ones or accompanied with immunocompromised state, had co-infections of fungi [7]. |
| T23 |
919-1166 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In China, Chen et al. performed fungal culture on all 99 COVID-19 patients at admission and found five (5%, 5/99) cases of fungal infection, including one case of Aspergillus flavus, one case of Candida glabrata and three cases of C. albicans [8]. |
| T24 |
1167-1322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Yang et al. found there (3/52, 5.8%) patients had fungal co-infection in 52 critically ill patients, including A. flavus, A. fumigatus and C. albicans [5]. |
| T25 |
1323-1500 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other China studies have found a higher percentage of secondary infections (8–15%) in COVID-19 patients, but it is not clear whether it is bacterial or fungal infection [9, 10]. |
| T26 |
1501-1747 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, one study mentioned that 2.8% (31/1099) patients were treated with antifungal medicine, including 1.9% (18/926) non-severe patients and 7.5% (13/173) severe patients, but there was no etiological evidence of fungal co-infection [11]. |
| T27 |
1748-1843 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Another study mentioned there was no patient treated with antifungal medicine in 149 cases [4]. |
| T28 |
1844-2026 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A German study found COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was found in five (26.3%) of 19 consecutive critically ill patients with moderate to severe ARDS [12]. |
| T29 |
2027-2156 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In Netherlands, there were six patients (19.4%) presumed IPA in 31 ICU patients, of which five were identified A. fumigatus [13]. |
| T30 |
2157-2315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Besides, among the 5 first well-described French COVID-19 patients, an old severely ill man was co-infected with A. flavus by tracheal aspirates culture [14]. |
