Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T88 |
0-255 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COVID-19 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection accompanied by CD4 + T-lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL, allo-HSCT, SOT, or other immune impaired are susceptible to cryptococcosis which predominantly present as meningoencephalitis [38]. |
T89 |
256-519 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Given the complexities surrounding the diagnosis of cryptococcosis and identification of Cryptococcus species including C. neoformans and C. gattii species, the diagnosis of cryptococcosis is usually based on a combination of clinical and laboratory confirmation. |
T90 |
520-644 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The methods used to confirm the infection are culture, direct microscopy, histopathology, serology, and molecular detection. |
T91 |
645-887 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To diagnose cryptococcosis, specimen from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be mixed with India ink and observed under a microscope that the distinctive structure for Cryptococcus spp. with narrow budding encapsulated yeasts usually can be found. |
T92 |
888-1015 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Samples for culture should be placed on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 30 °C for 7 days, in aerobic conditions, and observed daily. |
T93 |
1016-1113 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, cultures from patients receiving systemic antifungal therapy might need longer to grow. |
T94 |
1114-1161 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cryptococcus appears as mucoid creamy colonies. |
T95 |
1162-1299 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus can be detected and quantified from body fluids such as serum, CSF, BAL, or pathological tissue. |
T96 |
1300-1498 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Three formats of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) detection tests are currently available: the latex agglutination test (LAT), the enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), and the lateral flow immunoassay (LFA). |
T97 |
1499-1649 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These methods are rapid, sensitive, and specific, but have not been standardized for respiratory specimens such as BAL, pleural fluid, or sputum [32]. |
T98 |
1650-1803 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Molecular detection of Cryptococcus is required in specific situations where other diagnostic tools have failed to confirm a diagnosis of cryptococcosis. |
T99 |
1804-1963 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These molecular methods include pan-fungal PCR, DNA sequencing for identification, multiplex PCR, isothermal amplification method, and probe-based microarrays. |
T100 |
1964-2122 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Once a diagnosis cryptococcosis is made, a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination (including antigen) are recommended in all patients [39]. |
T101 |
2123-2216 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cryptococcus can disseminate into the central nervous system causing cryptococcal meningitis. |