| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T37 |
0-26 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Vascular endothelial cells |
| T38 |
27-191 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The complex structure–function relationship of vascular endothelial cells has fascinated pathologists, physiologists, protein chemists and scientists for centuries. |
| T39 |
192-443 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The structural aspects of endothelial cells are themselves deceivingly simple and divided into three distinct surfaces: the luminal surface (non-thrombogenic), the cohesive junctional surface and an adhesive abluminal surface (reviewed in Tucker) [4]. |
| T40 |
444-613 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The functional roles and broad-reaching intricacies of each surface are highly complex and, in many ways, distinguish normal physiology from pathological conditions [5]. |
| T41 |
614-1604 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The vascular endothelium’s functional role is separated into distinct parts: (1) barrier function—highly selective and regulates inflammatory and immune responses, (2) transport function—responsible for cell–cell signaling and pinocytosis (i.e. particles in extracellular fluid enter the cell through invaginations or clefts in the cell membrane), (3) vascular repair function-restores structural and functional normalcy, (4) angiogenesis function-reparative and adaptive to injurious conditions, (5) thromboregulation function- supports physiological blood flow and prevents unwanted (or needed) blood clotting, (6) vasoregulation function—responds to local conditions and signals vasodilation or vasoconstriction, (7) metabolic function—responsible for a highly regulated synthesis of growth factors, adhesion molecules and receptors; and (8) immune function-responds to a variety of immune cells, expresses histocompatibility antigens and regulates antigen presenting cells [6] (Fig. 3). |
| T42 |
1605-1856 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 3 Endothelial cells exhibit a broad range of functions that include physical barrier, endocrine, paracrine and autocrine, vascular remodeling and repair, regulation of thrombosis, regulation of inflammation, cell migration and cellular signaling. |
| T43 |
1857-2152 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Endothelial cell (EC), nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelin (ET), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 |
| T44 |
2153-2241 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The vascular endothelium constitutes an inner lining of arteries, veins and capillaries. |
| T45 |
2242-2362 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Accordingly, it is in direct communication with circulating blood components and tissues (reviewed in Krüger-Genge) [7]. |
| T46 |
2363-2495 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition to its fundamental substrate delivery capabilities, the vascular endothelium is an active endocrine and paracrine organ. |
| T47 |
2496-2606 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, it is tissue-specific, carrying out specialized functions as needed under highly dynamic conditions. |
| T48 |
2607-2801 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Even a brief summary of vascular endothelium structure and function underscores its critical role in human health and disease, and the potential consequences of injury and resulting dysfunction. |
| T49 |
2802-2981 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These include, but are not limited to, vascular integrity, permeability, cellular/tissue cross talk, and the regulation of vasomotor activity, coagulation and inflammation [7, 8]. |
