LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7352545 / 22024-26133 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T209 0-4 Sentence denotes 4.2.
T210 5-89 Sentence denotes Evolutionary Acquisition of C4-O-Acetyl and C9-O-Acetyl SA Recognition by HE Enzymes
T211 91-97 Sentence denotes 4.2.1.
T212 98-122 Sentence denotes C4-O-Acetyl Modification
T213 123-237 Sentence denotes For example, in the horse, C4-O-acetyl modification of Neu5Ac (SA) occupies more than 50% of the total SA content.
T214 238-312 Sentence denotes The C4-O-acetylated Neu5Ac, Neu4,5Ac2, inhibits the influenza A2 virus HA.
T215 313-450 Sentence denotes De-acetylation reagents such as NaOH or NaIO4 treatment completely hemagglutinate Neu4,5Ac2 by elimination of the C4-O-acetyl group [33].
T216 451-588 Sentence denotes The C4-O-acetyl Neu5Ac species are found in various sources such as equine erythrocyte GM3, starfish A. rubens and fish [34,35,36,37,38].
T217 589-674 Sentence denotes C4-O-acetylated Neu5Ac facilitates the initial attachment of viruses to target cells.
T218 675-844 Sentence denotes Like the influenza C virus, infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, contains HE and HEF proteins to mediate virus entry and exit.
T219 845-998 Sentence denotes C4-O-Ac Neu5Ac is the major receptor determinant of ISAV in receptor binding and destruction [38], while the influenza C virus recognizes C9-O-Ac Neu5Ac.
T220 999-1190 Sentence denotes The acetylesterase RDE of ISAV cleaves C4-O-Ac via 4-SA-O-acetylesterase with a short turnover time, whereas C9-O-Ac Neu5Ac is cleaved by 9-SA-O-acetylesterase with a long turnover time [34].
T221 1191-1330 Sentence denotes The position of SA O-acetylation is linked to functions including substrate differentiation of enzymes such as NAs and esterase by C4 O-Ac.
T222 1331-1460 Sentence denotes Previous development of O-Ac site-selective NA inhibitors were based on the conceptual consideration of different O-Ac positions.
T223 1461-1569 Sentence denotes The O-Ac of SAs is site-specific, as C4 of Neu5Ac is considered to be a potential position for modification.
T224 1570-1678 Sentence denotes Historically, inhibitors of influenza A and B viruses-sialidases were designed by Von-Itzstein in 1993 [39].
T225 1679-1788 Sentence denotes The Ac group-based C4 substitution interacts with amino acid Glu-119 present in the active site of sialidase.
T226 1789-1958 Sentence denotes Guanidine-attached C4 of C2–C3 unsaturated SA (Neu5Ac2en) inhibits activity of sialidases isolated from influenza A virus (Singapore/1/57) and B virus (Victoria/102/85).
T227 1959-2093 Sentence denotes The same scenario was applied for sialidase inhibition of the human parainfluenza virus type 3, which has HN and fusion proteins [40].
T228 2094-2172 Sentence denotes The C4 of Neu5Ac2en was substituted by alkyl groups such as the O-ethyl group.
T229 2173-2262 Sentence denotes For example, Zanamivir has a substitution with a 4-guanidino group with an IC50 of 25 μM.
T230 2263-2336 Sentence denotes Thus, sialidase inhibition is important for C4 modification of Neu5Ac2en.
T231 2337-2480 Sentence denotes Later, oseltamivir with the tradename Tamiflu (Basel, Switzerland) and zanamivir with the tradename Relenza (London, UK) were established [41].
T232 2481-2554 Sentence denotes These drugs exhibit some adverse side effects that restrict clinical use.
T233 2556-2562 Sentence denotes 4.2.2.
T234 2563-2590 Sentence denotes SA C9-O-Acetyl Modification
T235 2591-2769 Sentence denotes The SA 9-O-acetylation in hosts allows hosts to evade influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) recognition and some lectins of factor H (FH), CD22/Siglec-2 and sialoadhesin/Siglec-1.
T236 2770-2899 Sentence denotes Instead, the influenza C virus HA recognizes the hosts. β-elimination and permethylation eliminate the 9-O-acetyl group from SAs.
T237 2900-3142 Sentence denotes Chemical modification of the C-9 position of Neu5,9Ac2 generates a 9-N-acetyl analog, 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac9NAc), a mimic of Neu5,9Ac2 with influenza C virus-binding capacity, which is not cleaved by the HE [42].
T238 3143-3209 Sentence denotes SA O-acetylesterase regulates the presence of 7,9-O-Ac and 9-O-Ac.
T239 3210-3296 Sentence denotes SA O-acetylation and deacetylation are involved in development, cancer and immunology.
T240 3297-3363 Sentence denotes SA O-acetylation alters host lectin bindings such as siglecs [29].
T241 3364-3428 Sentence denotes The presence of 9-O-Ac can also reduce the activity of NAs [43].
T242 3429-3488 Sentence denotes SA modifications regulate pathogen binding or pathogen NAs.
T243 3489-3547 Sentence denotes Influenza A/B/C/D viruses use SA as their entry receptors.
T244 3548-3683 Sentence denotes Influenza A and B subtypes bind to SAs via HA and NA to allow endocytosis of the virus and fusion of the viral envelope with endosomes.
T245 3684-3794 Sentence denotes In contrast, influenza C and D subtypes bear only one coated glycoprotein, termed the HE fusion protein (HEF).
T246 3795-3825 Sentence denotes The HEF acts as the HA and NA.
T247 3826-4013 Sentence denotes HEF recognizes 9-O-acetyl SA for entry into cells, while the esterase domain removes 9-O-acetyl-groups and liberates the virus from mucus and mis-assembled virus aggregates after budding.
T248 4014-4109 Sentence denotes The 9-O-Ac on cells prevents the NA activity and HA binding of the influenza A type virus [44].