Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T72 |
0-10 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DISCUSSION |
T73 |
11-199 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our report illustrates the importance of considering IPA in patients with underlying severe COVID-19, who show no clear clinical impairment related to IPA throughout their hospitalization. |
T74 |
200-353 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this case, the patient was likely immunologically compromised due to his underlying conditions (Type II diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease). |
T75 |
354-592 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This case underscores the need to investigate this neglected disease and allow for early tracing with antifungal treatment; however, it is necessary to consider the risks posed by the bronchoscopy that must be performed for the diagnosis. |
T76 |
593-608 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Antinori et al. |
T77 |
609-909 |
Sentence |
denotes |
8 assessed the postmortem lung examination of a patient with IPA and COVID-19, in which IPA was characterized by bronchial wall ulceration associated with multiple spots of necrotizing pneumonia, and the residual lung parenchyma displayed a pattern of acute lung injury with diffuse alveolar damage. |
T78 |
910-1089 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition to the presence of bronchopneumonia, we distinctly show fungi (hyphae and conidia) within blood vessels, the hallmark of the invasive disease triggered by this fungus. |
T79 |
1090-1239 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The presence of GM in bronchoalveolar lavage is a useful marker, but this procedure is not performed in many COVID-19 patients for biosafety reasons. |
T80 |
1240-1460 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the identification of this antigen in peripheral blood, a test that is usually negative, is seemingly a reliable marker of invasive disease, especially in our case, in which the invasion of vessels was observed. |
T81 |
1461-1707 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, it is important to consider that the use of medications, such as oseltamivir, which is preemptively prescribed for influenza infection, may potentially block host neuraminidase, thus increasing patient susceptibility to IPA 5 , 6 . |
T82 |
1708-1830 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The use of corticosteroids, which is still a matter of debate in COVID-19 treatment, may also facilitate invasive disease. |
T83 |
1831-1939 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, we recommend caution in the use of corticosteroids and oseltamivir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
T84 |
1940-2042 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Meanwhile, chloroquine has been proposed as a drug with antifungal and immune response properties 11 . |
T85 |
2043-2226 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As the patient clinical status was already critical upon his arrival and he died three days after hospitalization, the possibility of a hospital-acquired fungal infection is unlikely. |
T86 |
2227-2421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening, and it is therefore necessary to further assess this two-way interaction between both infections. |
T87 |
2422-2558 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A. penicillioides is a xerophilic species occurring in dry habitats and in house dust; it is responsible for human and animal allergies. |
T88 |
2559-2677 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Dry oxygen supplementation intended to prevent aerosolization could explain the infection caused by this pathogen 12 . |
T89 |
2678-2783 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth clinical report on A. penicillioides clinical infection. |
T90 |
2784-2938 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The other three are classified as keratitis, disseminated disease in a child with cystic fibrosis, and central nervous system arteritis 13 , 14 , 15 . |
T91 |
2939-3050 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No information is available on the antifungal sensitivity of this species or the frequency of invasive disease. |
T92 |
3051-3150 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In conclusion, we report a case of IPA in a patient with severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. |
T93 |
3151-3353 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using a gold standard method (histopathology) in our case series, the frequency of IPA was lower, as compared to that of cases published elsewhere; possible overestimation might be due to contamination. |
T94 |
3354-3547 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In our case, no CT imaging of the lung, sequential GM, or culture for fungus was performed, thus reinforcing the role of autopsies as a form of postmortem surveillance of such a severe disease. |
T95 |
3548-3751 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, further reports are needed to assess the occurrence and frequency of IPA in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and their clinical interaction. |
T96 |
3752-3924 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These studies are needed to assess the incidence of IPA and define at-risk populations, thus offering a strategy for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and timely clinical management. |