Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T23 |
0-12 |
Sentence |
denotes |
INTRODUCTION |
T24 |
13-106 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China [1]. |
T25 |
107-225 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This disease was caused by a new coronavirus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2]. |
T26 |
226-465 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast to past epidemics, which took years to spread around the world, the new virus reached Europe in a few months [3], with the first official case identified in Northern Italy on February 18 [4] and leading to the Italian outbreak. |
T27 |
466-662 |
Sentence |
denotes |
COVID-19 is a systemic disease [5], presenting with interstitial pneumonia (computed tomographic scan is the gold standard for diagnosis) [6–8], but it can also have a paucisymptomatic course [9]. |
T28 |
663-917 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The rate of newly infected patients increased daily on a logarithmic scale, especially in Lombardy, the most populated region in Italy (about 10 million inhabitants), forcing the Italian government to take extraordinary measures to contain the infection. |
T29 |
918-987 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Quarantine and the closure of non-essential activities were enforced. |
T30 |
988-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The National Health Care System, in accordance with Italy’s universal welfare principles, was put under extreme pressure. |
T31 |
1110-1211 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Almost every hospital was completely reorganized in order to meet the needs of the COVID-19 patients. |
T32 |
1212-1306 |
Sentence |
denotes |
New areas and new intensive care units (ICUs) dedicated to patients with COVID-19 were set up. |
T33 |
1307-1372 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As a result, all elective activities were postponed or cancelled. |
T34 |
1373-1531 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A dedicated pathway had to be created to guarantee access to the best possible health care treatment, i.e. for emergency, urgent or non-deferrable (ND) cases. |
T35 |
1532-1661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To ensure such a system, the Health Care Lombardy Regional System promoted the hub-and-spoke organization system on March 8 [10]. |
T36 |
1662-1721 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This system had been used successfully in the past [11–13]. |
T37 |
1722-1827 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On March 8, 7375 Italian patients were infected with SARS-CoV-19, 650 of whom were in critical condition. |
T38 |
1828-1890 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In Lombardy, there were 3372 and 399 cases, respectively [14]. |
T39 |
1891-1970 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this scenario, heart and vascular surgical activities had to be reorganized. |
T40 |
1971-2030 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Four reference and enrolment hub hospitals were identified. |
T41 |
2031-2145 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other hospitals, the spokes, which treating almost entirely COVID-19 patients, became peripheral referral centres. |
T42 |
2146-2241 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hubs had to identify different dedicated pathways for COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. |
T43 |
2242-2352 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The main tasks of the hubs were to admit and treat patients (24/7) coming from the cardiovascular spokes [15]. |
T44 |
2353-2472 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our goal was to analyse our flow charts and examine the pathways designed for COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. |