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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-73 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV2 envelope protein: non-synonymous mutations and its consequences
T2 75-83 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 84-216 Sentence denotes In the NCBI database, as on June 6, 2020, total number of available complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV2 across the world is 3617.
T4 217-406 Sentence denotes The envelope (E) protein of SARS-CoV2 possesses several non-synonymous mutations over the transmembrane and C-terminus domains in 15 (0.414%) genomes among 3617 SARS-CoV2 genomes, analyzed.
T5 407-613 Sentence denotes More precisely, 10(0.386%) out of 2588 genomes from the USA, 3(0.806%) from Asia, 1 (0.348%) from Europe and 1 (0.274%) from Oceania contained the missense mutations over the E-protein of SARS-CoV2 genomes.
T6 614-707 Sentence denotes The C-terminus motif DLLV has been to DFLV and YLLV in the proteins from QJR88103 (Australia:
T7 708-738 Sentence denotes Victoria) and QKI36831 (China:
T8 739-837 Sentence denotes Guangzhou) respectively, which might affect the binding of this motif with the host protein PALS1.
T9 839-849 Sentence denotes Highlights
T10 850-1065 Sentence denotes • In the NCBI database, as on June 6, 2020, total number of available complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV2 across the world is 3617 on which the present study of mutation over the envelope protein is performed. .
T11 1066-1243 Sentence denotes • The envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 possesses several nonsynonymous mutations over the transmembrane domain and (C)terminus in 15 genomes among 3617 available SARSCoV2 genomes.
T12 1244-1343 Sentence denotes • The C-terminus motif DLLV has been changed to DFLV and YLLV in the proteins QJR88103 (Australia:
T13 1344-1374 Sentence denotes Victoria) and QKI36831 (China:
T14 1375-1473 Sentence denotes Guangzhou) respectively, which might affect the binding of this motif with the host protein PALS1.
T15 1475-1490 Sentence denotes 1 Introduction
T16 1491-1715 Sentence denotes The present pandemic situation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (COVID-19) is caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV2 which is characterized by its rapid mutations up to a million times higher than that of their hosts [1].
T17 1716-1883 Sentence denotes Several mutations have been detected in various proteins of the SARS-CoV2 over a short period of time, which are recently reported in various articles [[2], [3], [4]].
T18 1884-1965 Sentence denotes Genomic variations and evolution enabled the virus to escape host immunity [5,6].
T19 1966-2046 Sentence denotes So, such variability would help the scientists towards the drug development [1].
T20 2047-2264 Sentence denotes Among various proteins of SARS-CoV2, spike(S), envelope (E), membrane(M) and nucleocapsid (N) are the four structural proteins which help them in assembling and releasing new copies of the virus within human cell [7].
T21 2265-2466 Sentence denotes The CoV envelope (E) protein is the smallest among the four structural proteins involved in several aspects of the virus life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis [7].
T22 2467-2566 Sentence denotes However, the molecular mechanism involving E-protein in pathogenesis is not yet clearly understood.
T23 2567-2683 Sentence denotes Notably, this protein interacts with other structural proteins such as membrane(M) and other accessory proteins viz.
T24 2684-2724 Sentence denotes ORF3a, ORF7a and host cell proteins [8].
T25 2725-2889 Sentence denotes Envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 is 76 amino acids long and possesses three important domains viz. (N)-terminus, transmembrane domain (TMD) and (C)-terminus (Fig. 1 ).
T26 2890-3104 Sentence denotes The (C)-terminal domain of envelope protein in SARS-CoV2 binds to human PALS1, a tight junction-associated protein, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial polarity in mammals [9,10].
T27 3105-3185 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Amino acid sequence and domains of the envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 [7].
T28 3186-3407 Sentence denotes Red and blue colors are representing hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
T29 3408-3614 Sentence denotes Four mutations including one deletion have been found in the envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 with reference to the SARS-CoV1, a species of coronavirus that also infects humans, bats and certain other mammals.
T30 3615-3705 Sentence denotes The alignment of the envelope proteins of the SARS-CoV1 and SARS-CoV2 is given in Fig. 2 .
T31 3706-3782 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Clustal alignment of the envelope protein of SARS-CoV1 and SARS-CoV2.
T32 3783-4134 Sentence denotes Mutations in (C)-terminus domain in the E protein protein of SARS-CoV2 are T55S, V56F, E69R (the mutation of an amino acid A1 to an amino acid A2 is denoted by A1pA2 where p denotes location in the reference amino acid sequence).The deletion mutation of G at the 70th position with respect to the reference envelope protein of SARS-CoV1 is also noted.
T33 4135-4302 Sentence denotes It is reported that the C-terminus domain of the envelope protein contains the motif DLLV which binds to the host cell PALS1 protein to facilitate infection [9,11,12].
T34 4303-4531 Sentence denotes In this present study, non-synonymous mutations over the envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 across the available 3617 SARS-CoV2 genomes (as on 6th June 2020), have been found and accordingly their probable consequences are discussed.
T35 4533-4543 Sentence denotes 2 Methods
T36 4544-4639 Sentence denotes From the NCBI virus database, all the protein sequences of 3617 SARS-CoV2 genomes were fetched.
T37 4640-4769 Sentence denotes Then the amino acid sequences of envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 are exported in fasta format using file operations through Matlab.
T38 4770-4936 Sentence denotes These sequences (fasta formatted) are blasted using Clustal-Omega and found the mismatched and from their mutations and their associated positions were detected [13].
T39 4938-4948 Sentence denotes 3 Results
T40 4949-5106 Sentence denotes Among these virus genomes from 3617 patients; 2588 were from the USA, 372 were from Asia, 287 were from Europe, 365 were from Oceania and 5 were from Africa.
T41 5107-5231 Sentence denotes Here, we present the non-synonymous mutations of the E-protein protein over the available 3617 SARS-CoV2 genomes (Table 1 ).
T42 5232-5460 Sentence denotes It is to be noted that 10 (0.386%) out of 2588 genomes from USA, 3 (0.806%) from Asia, 1 (0.348%) from Europe and 1 (0.274%) from Oceania) contained the missense mutations (Table 1) in the envelope proteins of SARS-CoV2 genomes.
T43 5461-5559 Sentence denotes Changes of the R-group of each amino acid according to the mutations are also presented (Table-1).
T44 5560-5845 Sentence denotes It is to be noted that the mutation of an amino acid A 1 to an amino acid A 2 is denoted by A 1 pA 2 where p denotes location in the reference amino acid sequence.• In less than 0.5% of the SARS-CoV2 genomes, the E-protein possesses the missense mutations as adumbrated in the Table 1.
T45 5846-5946 Sentence denotes In TMD and C-terminus domain, there are nine different mutations where the R-group property changes.
T46 5947-6087 Sentence denotes But only in QHZ00381, for the mutation L37H in the TMD of the envelope protein causes changes in amino acid from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
T47 6088-6283 Sentence denotes • TMD was also observed to be conserved over the SARS-CoV1 and COV2 genomes, but the protein sequences of QJA42107 (USA: VA), QJQ84222(USA: KENNER, LA), QHZ00381(South Korea) and QJS53352(Greece:
T48 6284-6391 Sentence denotes Athens) possess four mutations A36V, L26F, L37H and L39M, respectively, in the TMD of the envelope protein.
T49 6392-6580 Sentence denotes Change in the R-group property from Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic in the TMD of the envelope protein of the virus from South Korea may affect the ion channel activity of the envelope protein.
T50 6581-6674 Sentence denotes • The motif ′DLLV′ has been changed to ′DFLV′ and ′YLLV′ in the proteins QJR88103 (Australia:
T51 6675-6705 Sentence denotes Victoria) and QKI36831 (China:
T52 6706-6765 Sentence denotes Guangzhou) due to the mutations L73F and D72Y respectively.
T53 6766-6956 Sentence denotes These mutations having changes in the motif ′DFLV′ may mis-target the PALS1 at Golgi and delaying TJ formation and accordingly may influence replication and/or infectivity of the virus [10].
T54 6957-7134 Sentence denotes • In the C-terminus domain of the E-protein of SARS-CoV2 the amino acid S at 68th position changes to the amino acids F and C in the proteins {QKG87268,  QKG88576} from the USA:
T55 7135-7173 Sentence denotes Massachusetts and QKI36855 from China:
T56 7174-7197 Sentence denotes Guangzhou respectively.
T57 7198-7405 Sentence denotes Note that the mutation of the amino acid S to F keeps the R-group property unchanged (i.e. hydrophobic to hydrophilic) while that of the amino acid S to C changes the R-group from Hydrophilic to Hydrophobic.
T58 7406-7477 Sentence denotes This would possibly make changes in protein functions and interactions.
T59 7478-7541 Sentence denotes Table 1 Non- synonymous mutation in the E-protein of SARS-CoV2.
T60 7542-7599 Sentence denotes Protein-ID Geo-location Mutation Domain Change of R-group
T61 7600-7653 Sentence denotes QJA42107 USA: VA A36V TMDa Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T62 7654-7714 Sentence denotes QJQ84222 USA: KENNER, LA L26F TMD Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T63 7715-7771 Sentence denotes QHZ00381 South Korea L37H TMD Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic
T64 7772-7788 Sentence denotes QJS53352 Greece:
T65 7789-7831 Sentence denotes Athens L39M TMD Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T66 7832-7851 Sentence denotes QJR88103 Australia:
T67 7852-7903 Sentence denotes Victoria L73F C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T68 7904-7963 Sentence denotes QKE45838 USA: CA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T69 7964-8023 Sentence denotes QKE45886 USA: CA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T70 8024-8083 Sentence denotes QKE45898 USA: CA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T71 8084-8143 Sentence denotes QKE45910 USA: CA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T72 8144-8203 Sentence denotes QJE38284 USA: CA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T73 8204-8263 Sentence denotes QIU81527 USA: WA P71L C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T74 8264-8277 Sentence denotes QKG87268 USA:
T75 8278-8334 Sentence denotes Massachusetts S68F C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T76 8335-8348 Sentence denotes QKG88576 USA:
T77 8349-8405 Sentence denotes Massachusetts S68F C-terminus Hydrophobic to Hydrophobic
T78 8406-8421 Sentence denotes QKI36831 China:
T79 8422-8474 Sentence denotes Guangzhou D72Y C-terminus Hydrophilic to Hydrophobic
T80 8475-8490 Sentence denotes QKI36855 China:
T81 8491-8543 Sentence denotes Guangzhou S68C C-terminus Hydrophilic to Hydrophobic
T82 8544-8572 Sentence denotes a TMD: transmembrane domain.
T83 8574-8595 Sentence denotes 4 Concluding remarks
T84 8596-8804 Sentence denotes Among all the proteins present in the novel RNA virus, some accessory proteins such as ORF6, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10 contain the least number of missense mutation as reported in various studies [[14], [15], [16]].
T85 8805-8836 Sentence denotes And same is true for E-protein.
T86 8837-8982 Sentence denotes We find 15 among 3617 (0.414%) of the SARS-CoV2 genome contains eight different types of mutations in TMD and C-terminus of the envelope protein.
T87 8983-9134 Sentence denotes Mutated E-protein might affect replication and propagation of the SARS-CoV2 as has been observed in cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in mouse model [17].
T88 9135-9262 Sentence denotes Potential studies have also shown that vaccine against the E-protein mutated viruses can reduce the infectivity in mouse model.
T89 9264-9284 Sentence denotes Author contributions
T90 9285-9337 Sentence denotes SH conceived the problem and examined the mutations.
T91 9338-9379 Sentence denotes SH, PPC, BR analyzed the data and result.
T92 9380-9487 Sentence denotes SH wrote the initial draft which was checked and edited by all other authors to generate the final version.
T93 9489-9522 Sentence denotes Declaration of Competing Interest
T94 9523-9584 Sentence denotes The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare.