LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7326463 / 97-6782 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 0-14 Sentence denotes To the Editor,
T3 15-179 Sentence denotes Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may develop severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and acute respiratory failure.
T4 180-261 Sentence denotes As the lung parenchyma is seriously damaged, opportunistic infections are feared.
T5 262-568 Sentence denotes While invasive pulmonary mould superinfections are usually diagnosed primarily in highly immunocompromised patients, invasive aspergillosis has also been described in immunocompetent patients infected with influenza or SARS-CoV (responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2002–2003).
T6 569-703 Sentence denotes Moreover, we recently reported a case of invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompetent critically ill patient with severe COVID-19 [1].
T7 704-806 Sentence denotes Another study also suggested an increased risk of Aspergillus superinfection in COVID-19 patients [2].
T8 807-957 Sentence denotes To know whether or not COVID-19 is a factor promoting invasive pulmonary mould infections in immunocompetent individuals is of great medical interest.
T9 958-1139 Sentence denotes We report here the case of an immunocompetent diabetic patient with severe COVID-19 who developed a pulmonary fusariosis due to the common environmental mould Fusarium proliferatum.
T10 1140-1245 Sentence denotes A 57-year-old man was sent to our hospital after 7 days of fever and cough worsening over the last 24 hr.
T11 1246-1470 Sentence denotes On admission the patient presented signs of acute respiratory failure and was rapidly transferred to our intensive care unit (ICU) on March 26 (day 1) where he was intubated and placed under mechanical ventilation (Fig. 1 ).
T12 1471-1582 Sentence denotes The patient had no history of any acquired or inherited immunodeficiency and no underlying respiratory disease.
T13 1583-1765 Sentence denotes He was overweight (body mass index 30.6 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes (blood glucose 11.6 mmol/L and glycosuria 1.4 mmol/L on admission), hypertension and a substituted hypothyroidism.
T14 1766-1838 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in a tracheal aspiration on admission.
T15 1839-1924 Sentence denotes The patient's condition worsened with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio <90 mmHg with a FiO2 of 100%.
T16 1925-1995 Sentence denotes A protected specimen brush sample performed on day 2 remained sterile.
T17 1996-2103 Sentence denotes While the patient's condition showed no improvement, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on day 7.
T18 2104-2213 Sentence denotes On day 9 this sample grew with 7 × 102/mL colony-forming unit (CFU) of mould while no bacteria were detected.
T19 2214-2375 Sentence denotes The same day, a second BAL was performed: atypical fungal hyphae were detected on microscopic examination, testing for galactomannan antigen was positive (index:
T20 2376-2426 Sentence denotes 1.7) and the sample grew with 103/mL CFU of mould.
T21 2427-2661 Sentence denotes The different cultures were identified as Fusarium proliferatum using mass spectrometry (Bruker Microflex with MSI database) and a liposomal amphotericin B-based therapy was started on day 12 (5 mg/kg/day for 2 days then 7 mg/kg/day).
T22 2662-2867 Sentence denotes Antifungal susceptibility testing determined using the gradient concentration strips method showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (>32 mg/L) for voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole.
T23 2868-2912 Sentence denotes The MIC value for amphotericin B was 2 mg/L.
T24 2913-3027 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Timeline for an immunocompetent patient who developed invasive pulmonary fusariosis during severe COVID-19.
T25 3028-3097 Sentence denotes Day 1 is the day the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit.
T26 3098-3198 Sentence denotes D, days; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; GM, galactomannan index determination; BDG, β-D-glucan dosage.
T27 3199-3460 Sentence denotes Considering the very serious condition of the patient, and despite the fact that voriconazole is suggested as first-line treatment (alone or in combination) [3], caspofungin was added, assuming a potential synergistic effect with liposomal amphotericin B [4,5].
T28 3461-3584 Sentence denotes To test this hypothesis in vitro, we used the checkerboard method to assess combinations of amphotericin B and caspofungin.
T29 3585-3741 Sentence denotes The MIC of each drug alone and the combinations of the two were determined concomitantly on the same plate using a method adapted from the EUCAST procedure.
T30 3742-3974 Sentence denotes Interaction was determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) as follows: FICI = (MIC amphotericin B in combination/MIC amphotericin B alone) + (MEC caspofungin in combination/MEC caspofungin alone).
T31 3975-4065 Sentence denotes Results showed no activity for caspofungin either alone or in combination (MEC > 32 mg/L).
T32 4066-4141 Sentence denotes The MIC value for amphotericin B was 1 mg/L either alone or in combination.
T33 4142-4209 Sentence denotes The FICI value was equal to 2, which is indicative of indifference.
T34 4210-4307 Sentence denotes Moreover, as the patient's condition was beginning to improve, caspofungin was stopped on day 29.
T35 4308-4402 Sentence denotes Three other BALs performed on day 15, day 22 and day 27 still grew with Fusarium proliferatum.
T36 4403-4531 Sentence denotes Importantly, we noticed a gradual increase in the delay of culture positivity and a decrease in the number of colonies obtained.
T37 4532-4625 Sentence denotes Galactomannan testing became negative, all of which indicated a reduction of the fungal load.
T38 4626-4758 Sentence denotes The BALs performed on day 15 and day 27 also grew with a significant amount of bacteria, which led to specific antibiotic treatment.
T39 4759-4807 Sentence denotes The patient's general condition slowly improved.
T40 4808-4870 Sentence denotes He was extubated on day 30 then discharged to a post-ICU area.
T41 4871-4933 Sentence denotes Liposomal amphotericin B administration was stopped on day 35.
T42 4934-5101 Sentence denotes Invasive aspergillosis is a well-recognized complication of severe influenza pneumonia and has been reported in patients with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections [1,2].
T43 5102-5284 Sentence denotes As fusariosis shares many common characteristics with aspergillosis [6], occurrence of fusariosis in immunocompetent critically ill patients with severe pulmonary damage is possible.
T44 5285-5522 Sentence denotes If we draw a parallel between fusariosis and aspergillosis, the case we describe is a putative invasive fusariosis according to the classification by Blot et al. for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients [7].
T45 5523-5587 Sentence denotes Serum β-glucan and galactomannan testing in serum were negative.
T46 5588-5796 Sentence denotes Here again a resemblance can be seen with what is observed during invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients where blood tests are often negative while respiratory samples establish the diagnosis [7].
T47 5797-5923 Sentence denotes In conclusion, we have reported a case of pulmonary fusariosis in an immunocompetent patient with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
T48 5924-6069 Sentence denotes As the outbreak continues to spread worldwide, other reports are needed to assess the frequency of fungal superinfections during severe COVID-19.
T49 6071-6095 Sentence denotes Transparency declaration
T50 6096-6104 Sentence denotes Funding:
T51 6105-6110 Sentence denotes None.
T52 6111-6154 Sentence denotes The authors declare no competing interests.
T53 6156-6176 Sentence denotes Author contributions
T54 6177-6328 Sentence denotes C.P. and M.B. collected mycological data, performed antifungal susceptibility testing and the EUCAST checkboard method and participated in the writing.
T55 6329-6432 Sentence denotes C.V. participated in the therapeutic decision, collected clinical data and participated in the writing.
T56 6433-6498 Sentence denotes A.L. participated in the therapeutic decision and in the writing.
T57 6499-6602 Sentence denotes A.M. participated in the therapeutic decision, collected clinical data and participated in the writing.
T58 6603-6685 Sentence denotes A.F. participated in the therapeutic decision, collected data and wrote the paper.