| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T387 |
0-230 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The use of a heterologous vaccine to provide enhanced protection against non-specific/new pathogens makes this a compelling strategy against COVID-19 that warrants thorough investigation in randomized controlled trials (209, 210). |
| T388 |
231-495 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The BCG vaccine is undergoing clinical trials in healthcare workers in the Netherlands (NCT04328441), Australia (NCT04327206), Egypt (NCT04350931), and the USA (NCT04348370) to enhance overall innate immunity and provide heterologous protection against SARS-CoV-2. |
| T389 |
496-662 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, an association was found that linked lower COVID-19-attributable mortality rates in countries using BCG in their national immunization schedules (211). |
| T390 |
663-839 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On the contrary, a study that assessed the association of childhood BCG vaccination in adults living in Israel did not show a beneficial difference in COVID-19 infection rates. |
| T391 |
840-1095 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The discrepancy between these two reports likely stem from the fact that the latter study only included adults who were previously vaccinated during childhood, supporting the fact that heterologous vaccination may not result in long-term protection (212). |
| T392 |
1096-1385 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Childhood BCG immunization has a limited window of opportunity to protect younger individuals from infection (213), but it is hypothesized that reducing the number of infected children can have a meaningful impact on curbing the spread of COVID-19 to the rest of the population (206, 211). |
| T393 |
1386-1507 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Another heterologous vaccine in the process of clinical trial development for COVID-19 studies is IMM-101 (CCTG ID# IC8). |
| T394 |
1508-1671 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Created by Immodulon Therapeutics LTD, IMM-101 is composed of heat-killed Mycobacterium obuense and may have an improved safety profile over the BCG vaccine (214). |
| T395 |
1672-1855 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IMM-101 has been studied in multiple clinical trials for its non-specific immune stimulating properties as a cancer immunotherapy in pancreatic (215) and melanoma patients (216, 217). |
