Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-24 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Guillain-Barré syndrome: |
T2 |
25-94 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease |
T3 |
95-135 |
Sentence |
denotes |
More to come with myositis in the offing |
T4 |
137-145 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Abstract |
T5 |
146-155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Objective |
T6 |
156-380 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To present the COVID-19–associated GBS, the prototypic viral-triggered autoimmune disease, in the context of other emerging COVID-19–triggered autoimmunities, and discuss potential concerns with ongoing neuroimmunotherapies. |
T7 |
382-389 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Methods |
T8 |
390-572 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Eleven GBS cases in four key COVID-19 hotspots are discussed regarding presenting symptoms, response to therapies and cross-reactivity of COVID spike proteins with nerve glycolipids. |
T9 |
573-762 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Emerging cases of COVID-19–triggered autoimmune necrotizing myositis (NAM) and encephalopathies are also reviewed in the context of viral invasion, autoimmunity and ongoing immunotherapies. |
T10 |
764-771 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Results |
T11 |
772-996 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Collective data indicate that in this pandemic any patient presenting with an acute paralytic disease-like GBS, encephalomyelitis or myositis-even without systemic symptoms, may represent the first manifestation of COVID-19. |
T12 |
997-1113 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Anosmia, ageusia, other cranial neuropathies and lymphocytopenia are red flags enhancing early diagnostic suspicion. |
T13 |
1114-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In Miller-Fisher Syndrome, ganglioside antibodies against GD1b, instead of QG1b, were found; because the COVID-19 spike protein also binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins for cell-entry and anti-GD1b antibodies typically cause ataxic neuropathy, cross-reactivity between COVID-19–bearing gangliosides and peripheral nerve glycolipids was addressed. |
T14 |
1471-1695 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Elevated Creatine Kinase (>10,000) is reported in 10% of COVID-19–infected patients; two such patients presented with painful muscle weakness responding to IVIg indicating that COVID-19–triggered NAM is an overlooked entity. |