PMC:7306567 / 6581-8920 JSONTXT 10 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T45 0-41 Sentence denotes Global epidemiology of influenza and IAPA
T46 42-247 Sentence denotes Although figures vary depending on geographic region, season and vaccination rates, approximately 0.1% of influenza patients require hospital admission with 5–10% of these requiring ICU admission [13, 14].
T47 248-348 Sentence denotes The mortality in patients admitted for influenza is 4% and 20–25% for those admitted to ICU [14–16].
T48 349-482 Sentence denotes Bacterial superinfection is common, affecting 10–35% of cases, typically with Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus [16].
T49 483-725 Sentence denotes However, a recent Dutch–Belgian multicenter study over seven influenza seasons in seven institutes demonstrated influenza as an independent risk factor of IPA (adjusted odds ratio 5.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.63–10.26, p < 0.001) [9].
T50 726-924 Sentence denotes Results also showed that the 90-day mortality rate for ICU patients with IAPA was almost double that of ICU influenza patients without IAPA (51% vs. 28%, adjusted odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.05–3.32).
T51 925-1110 Sentence denotes IAPA was initially thought to be associated with influenza A/H1N1pdm09 only [7, 17], but it became clear that IAPA is also associated with other influenza A and influenza B viruses [9].
T52 1111-1212 Sentence denotes The median time between influenza diagnosis and IAPA was short, often in the first 5 days [7, 8, 18].
T53 1213-1454 Sentence denotes Studies have shown considerable variation in rates of IAPA in different countries, with high rates in the Netherlands, Belgium and Taiwan, but lower rates in other countries [19], and in some we do not know the incidence (e.g., USA) [20–22].
T54 1455-1775 Sentence denotes Potential reasons for these regional differences are related to the underlying conditions, concomitant exposure to corticosteroids, environmental factors, including exposure to Aspergillus, use of non-culture-based diagnostic tests for Aspergillus (e.g., galactomannan (GM)) and differences in awareness of IAPA [23–25].
T55 1776-1874 Sentence denotes Autopsy rates are very low, which results in a considerable underdiagnosis in many countries [26].
T56 1875-2129 Sentence denotes Other factors that might contribute to regional differences in IAPA rates include influenza vaccination rates, with different policies in different countries, and differences in influenza antiviral treatment strategies with oseltamivir or zanamivir [27].
T57 2130-2339 Sentence denotes Annual vaccination reduces influenza-associated complications (hospitalization, ICU admission, severity of illness, superinfection) and improves the outcome in transplant recipients and COPD patients [28, 29].