| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T108 |
0-52 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treatment options and challenges for IAPA in the ICU |
| T109 |
53-138 |
Sentence |
denotes |
First-line treatment options for IPA include voriconazole and isavuconazole [35, 43]. |
| T110 |
139-381 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other options include echinocandins in combination with anti-mold azoles, and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) in regions with high rates of azole-resistant A. fumigatus, although clinical data with L-AmB in ICU patients are limited [43, 44]. |
| T111 |
382-512 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Achieving adequate drug exposure is challenging in ICU patients with multiple factors contributing to pharmacokinetic variability. |
| T112 |
513-699 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Unlike L-AmB and the echinocandins, drug interactions are clinically relevant for the azoles and pharmacogenetic factors are important in inter-individual drug exposure variability [45]. |
| T113 |
700-836 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for voriconazole shows a clear relation between exposure and both efficacy and toxicity. |
| T114 |
837-1082 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Target plasma trough voriconazole concentrations of ≥ 1.5–2 mg/L are associated with near-maximal clinical response in treatment of IA with a wild-type phenotype [46–51], with higher exposures (> 5.5 mg/L) increasing the risk of (neuro)toxicity. |
| T115 |
1083-1210 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Higher trough concentrations (> 2 mg/L) are recommended for treatment of pathogens with elevated MICs (e.g., > 0.25 mg/L) [52]. |
| T116 |
1211-1402 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For isavuconazole, there is no robust target plasma concentration, and the population average exposure of participants that demonstrated a favorable response (2–4 mg/L) is commonly used [43]. |
