| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T19 |
0-27 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Introduction and background |
| T20 |
28-190 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As of April 16 2020, there are a total of 1,991,562 confirmed cases and 130,885 reported deaths due to this deadly virus, which is given the name of COVID-19 [1]. |
| T21 |
191-234 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The fatality rate of the virus is 2.3% [2]. |
| T22 |
235-390 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The death rate is higher in people of age above 80 and those having comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disorders [2]. |
| T23 |
391-558 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Approximately 48% of the people who have had fatal outcomes had a comorbid condition, 30% were hypertensive, 19% were diabetics, and 8% had coronary heart disease [3]. |
| T24 |
559-624 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This virus belongs to the family of viruses called Coronaviridae. |
| T25 |
625-821 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are four genera of coronaviruses (ɑ,𝛃,ɣ,𝝳), COVID-19 belongs to the beta-coronaviruses as its genome matches 88% and 50% to the other coronaviruses which are SARS and MERS, respectively [4]. |
| T26 |
822-970 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is believed that initially, the virus transmitted from animals to humans, and among humans, the virus transmitted via respiratory droplets [3,5]. |
| T27 |
971-1065 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The virus has very high transmissibility as it has affected the whole world in a brief period. |
| T28 |
1066-1297 |
Sentence |
denotes |
When infected, there is an incubation period of 2-14 days after which the patient develops the symptoms of high fever, cough, shortness of breath, myalgias, and fatigue, and the virus is contagious during the incubation period [6]. |
| T29 |
1298-1425 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The COVID-19 in susceptible patients causes pneumonia, which rapidly progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
| T30 |
1426-1659 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The exact pathogenesis is currently unknown; however, it is suggested that it is most likely to be similar to that of SARS CoV and MERS CoV, which attach to ACE 2 enzyme on the cell surface with the help of their glycoprotein spikes. |
| T31 |
1660-1798 |
Sentence |
denotes |
After the entry of the virus, its antigens are presented to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) via the antigen-presenting cells (APC). |
| T32 |
1799-1904 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Then these antigens are recognized by specific cytotoxic lymphocytes that destroy the infected cells [4]. |
| T33 |
1905-2082 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT), ground-glass opacities, patchy consolidation, and interstitial changes at the periphery of the lungs are typical findings [7]. |
| T34 |
2083-2186 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to make the diagnosis of the suspected cases [4]. |
| T35 |
2187-2365 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is currently no recommended treatment for COVID-19, only supportive care like oxygen, and mechanical ventilation is provided to patients in severe respiratory distress [2]. |
| T36 |
2366-2560 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two drugs, remdesevir and chloroquine, have shown some good results, but it is too soon to state their efficacy as there is limited data on the effectiveness of these drugs in COVID-19 patients. |
| T37 |
2561-2707 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Researchers are also considering the passive immunization of critical patients with the convalescent sera, and it has shown some good results [8]. |
| T38 |
2708-2830 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As we know, currently, there is limited knowledge available on the pathophysiology and treatment options for the COVID-19. |
| T39 |
2831-3129 |
Sentence |
denotes |
And what little information is known is not well organized yet. In this review article, we aim to identify and highlight clinical features, pathological and radiological findings, and possible treatment options for COVID-19 patients and to organize the little information we have on this pathogen. |
