LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7281546 / 15852-19948 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T115 0-151 Sentence denotes CoVs, like other positive-stranded RNA viruses, induce membranous rearrangements of varying morphologies that are essential for RTCs anchoring [82,83].
T116 152-401 Sentence denotes The CoV-induced replicative structures consist of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and convoluted membranes (CMs), which form a large reticulovesicular network that are critical for viral replication and transcription [84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93].
T117 402-568 Sentence denotes Among the CoV nsps, nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6 include the hydrophobic transmembrane domains engaging in anchoring the viral RNA synthesis components to the membranes [94].
T118 569-659 Sentence denotes For MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, co-expression of nsp3 and nsp4 is required to induce DMVs [95].
T119 660-764 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV nsp6 has membrane proliferation ability as well, which also contributes to DMVs formation [96].
T120 765-832 Sentence denotes The structure and functions of α-CoV nsp3 are largely unknown [97].
T121 833-1093 Sentence denotes Nsp4 is also a marker for CoV-induced membrane structures; some results indicate that the nsp4–10 of pp1a act as a large complex through multidomain structure or scaffold during viral RNA replication progress, before its cleavage into individual products [98].
T122 1094-1142 Sentence denotes CoVs nsp5 encodes a 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro).
T123 1143-1261 Sentence denotes The polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab are processed into individual elements of replicase by 3C-like protease and PLPs [99].
T124 1262-1375 Sentence denotes Moreover, PEDV nsp5 plays a crucial role in virus replication and also blocks host innate immune responses [100].
T125 1376-1587 Sentence denotes Crystallographic or nuclear magnetic resonance structures have shown that nsp3, nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, and nsp10 have the PLprob and the ADP-ribose 1′′-phosphatase (ADRP) activity [101,102,103,104,105,106,107].
T126 1588-1709 Sentence denotes The crystal structure of SARS-CoV nsp9 suggests that nsp9 is dimeric and it is able to bind to single-stranded RNA [108].
T127 1710-1855 Sentence denotes The crystal structure of SARS CoV nsp10 protein suggests that nsp10 is a zinc-finger protein, which is existent exclusively in CoVs so far [107].
T128 1856-1963 Sentence denotes Moreover, nsp7–10 have RNA binding activity and nsp12 encodes a single RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
T129 1964-2130 Sentence denotes The biochemical characterization and crystallization of SARS CoV nsp7 and nsp8 manifests that eight copies of nsp8 and eight copies of nsp7 form a supercomplex [106].
T130 2131-2250 Sentence denotes The complex is supportive for nucleic acid binding and may be associated with the processivity of viral RdRp [102,106].
T131 2251-2433 Sentence denotes Recently, structural studies have described that the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase binds to the nsp7 and nsp8 complex [109] that may increase the polymerase activity of nsp12 RdRp [110].
T132 2434-2534 Sentence denotes CoV nsp13, a NTPase/helicase, is also determined to play essential roles in viral replication [111].
T133 2535-2663 Sentence denotes CoV nsp14 is a multifunctional protein with 3′-5′ exoribonuclease activity and N-7-methyltransferase [MTase] activity [112,113].
T134 2664-2737 Sentence denotes Nsp14 catalyzes the N7-methylation of Gppp-RNA to form a cap-0 structure.
T135 2738-2851 Sentence denotes CoV nsp15 encodes an endoribonuclease (EndoU), performing functions through a hexamer in many CoVs [114,115,116].
T136 2852-2938 Sentence denotes The endoribonuclease activity of nsp15 is not essential for CoV replication [117,118].
T137 2939-3192 Sentence denotes For CoVs, the 5′ end of the viral genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) is supposed to have cap structures: an N-7 methylated guanosine nucleoside (m7GpppN) (cap 0) and a methyl group at the 2′-O-ribose position (cap 1) of the first nucleotide [119].
T138 3193-3401 Sentence denotes These cap structures enhance the initiation of translation of viral proteins, protect viral mRNAs against cellular 5′-3′-exoribonuclease and limit the recognition of viral RNA by host innate system [120,121].
T139 3402-3494 Sentence denotes Nsp13 is proposed to catalyze the first step of the 5′-capping reaction of viral RNAs [122].
T140 3495-3662 Sentence denotes The methylation of the two sites in the 5′ cap are catalyzed by three nsps; nsp14 (the N-7-MTase), nsp16 (the 2′-O-methyltransferase), and nsp10 [112,123,124,125,126].
T141 3663-3846 Sentence denotes In addition, the 3′-5′ exoribonuclease activity of nsp14 is involved in a replicative mismatch repair system during RNA synthesis, which improves the replication fidelity of CoV [42].
T142 3847-4096 Sentence denotes Although these nsps have been demonstrated to play essential roles in viral replication, transcription and/or post-translational polyprotein processing [127], the nsp12–16 of PEDV and other CoVs are poorly characterized to date, except for SARS-CoV.