LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7281378 / 40050-54942 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T312 0-4 Sentence denotes 3.4.
T313 5-41 Sentence denotes Influenza Viruses in Swine in Europe
T314 43-49 Sentence denotes 3.4.1.
T315 50-57 Sentence denotes Belgium
T316 58-224 Sentence denotes The H1N1 virus was identified in swine lung tissues or trachea of two of the deceased sows after an influenza-like disease erupted at two swine farms in January 1979.
T317 225-330 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it was also reported that the identical virus was detected in wild ducks in Germany [179].
T318 331-554 Sentence denotes Since it was already established that H1N1 from wild ducks can successfully infect swine if inoculated via intranasal route [179] hence this observation suggested the transmission of H1N1 from wild ducks to the swine [180].
T319 555-708 Sentence denotes A second investigation isolated three avian-like H1N1, two H1N2 and twelve human-like H3N2 viruses from eight commercial swine farms in March 1999 [181].
T320 710-716 Sentence denotes 3.4.2.
T321 717-724 Sentence denotes Denmark
T322 725-819 Sentence denotes Denmark has been running a passive surveillance program for IAV detection in swine since 2011.
T323 820-992 Sentence denotes The H1N2 virus having the H1 gene which evolved from H1N1 avian-like viruses and N2 gene which evolved from human H3N2 viruses was reported in swine during 2011–2013 [182].
T324 993-1093 Sentence denotes This was an example of how IAV can evolve through reassortment and may emerge into a new IAV strain.
T325 1094-1296 Sentence denotes The other investigation included swine sampling at different time intervals to assess the persistence of IAV shedding in Danish swine which detected one avian-like H1N1 and 107 reassortant H1N2 viruses.
T326 1297-1398 Sentence denotes This study observed that most of the swine were shedding IAV right before achieving six weeks of age.
T327 1399-1484 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, a piglet as young as just three days was found infected with IAV [183].
T328 1485-1788 Sentence denotes Two H3N2 isolates having H3 genes from seasonal human influenza along with internal genes that originated from A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and NA genes from contemporary N2 swine influenza viruses that have been in circulation in Denmark were retrieved from young piglets at two locations during 2011–2014 [184].
T329 1789-1937 Sentence denotes H3N2 virus was also detected from piglets having respiratory illness and from sows with reproductive problems in commercial piggeries in 2014 [184].
T330 1939-1945 Sentence denotes 3.4.3.
T331 1946-1960 Sentence denotes United Kingdom
T332 1961-2094 Sentence denotes The H3N2 virus antibodies were first detected in English swine in 1973 which revealed the past exposure of swine to H3N2 virus [185].
T333 2095-2220 Sentence denotes Later, the antibodies for H1N1 and H3N2 viruses were detected in swine at a slaughterhouse in England during 1991–1992 [186].
T334 2221-2344 Sentence denotes Interestingly, this serological investigation also reported the antibodies for IBV in eight and for ICV in 198 swine [186].
T335 2345-2687 Sentence denotes A molecular investigation identified a novel H1N7 virus in swine in England which had six of its RNA segments closely related to those of human viruses while two RNA segments were identical to those of equine viruses which concluded that the H1N7 strain may have evolved due to reassortment between human H1 and equine H7N7 viruses [187,188].
T336 2688-2944 Sentence denotes The first report of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in English swine appeared in September 2009 when histology and immunofluorescence assays followed by molecular diagnostics and sequencing confirmed four A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infected swine in the Northern Ireland [189].
T337 2945-3172 Sentence denotes After this, 17 more A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates were reported in swine in England during September 2009–October 2010 which revealed that A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was in circulation in English swine during the 2009 flu pandemic [190].
T338 3173-3402 Sentence denotes The same year, four H1N2 virus isolates were reported in English swine which had six internal genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus along with HA and NA genes of H1N2 virus hence were identified as the novel reassortant H1N2 strains [191].
T339 3403-3507 Sentence denotes In a more recent study, two more IAV positive swine were identified in the United Kingdom in 2016 [192].
T340 3509-3515 Sentence denotes 3.4.4.
T341 3516-3523 Sentence denotes Finland
T342 3524-3911 Sentence denotes However the first report of seroprevalence of H1N1 virus in Finnish swine appeared in 2008 during an investigation which detected H1N1 virus antibodies in swine at seven swine farms which further increased to 24 swine farms in 2009 [193] but the first isolate of avian-like swine H1N1 virus (indicative of active infection) was detected from the lung tissues of a swine in February 2009.
T343 3912-4001 Sentence denotes Later, the first A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Finnish swine was detected in November 2009 [193].
T344 4002-4130 Sentence denotes Three more swine were identified with IAV antibodies during May 2011–January 2014 which was due to a past exposure to IAV [194].
T345 4132-4138 Sentence denotes 3.4.5.
T346 4139-4145 Sentence denotes France
T347 4146-4371 Sentence denotes The H1N1 viruses in turkey and swine were identified after the swine influenza outbreak hit the turkey population in Brittany, France in February 1983 which suggested that IAV transmission happened from swine to turkey [195].
T348 4372-4502 Sentence denotes Later two strains of H1N2 virus were isolated from six swine exhibiting influenza-like illness in Brittany during 1987–1988 [196].
T349 4503-4636 Sentence denotes Another investigation reported H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses in swine herds experiencing respiratory disease in Brittany region [197].
T350 4637-4886 Sentence denotes A negative prevalence of IAV was reported in wild boars in Camargue during September 2009–November 2010 given that all the 315 nasal swabs obtained from either hunted or trapped wild boars along with all the sera samples were negative for IAV [198].
T351 4887-5011 Sentence denotes A more recent investigation reported the zoonotic transmission of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from swine to a farmer in January 2018.
T352 5012-5260 Sentence denotes This farmer along with a veterinarian collected nasal swab samples from three pregnant sows exhibiting influenza-like illness on the swine farm and submitted to a local diagnostic laboratory for analysis which, as a result, were found IAV positive.
T353 5261-5352 Sentence denotes Few days later, the farmer and the veterinarian both developed the influenza-like symptoms.
T354 5353-5414 Sentence denotes The farmer was later diagnosed with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus [199].
T355 5416-5422 Sentence denotes 3.4.6.
T356 5423-5430 Sentence denotes Germany
T357 5431-5525 Sentence denotes Sixty-five IAV positive wild boars were identified across five German states during 1997–2006.
T358 5526-5608 Sentence denotes Cloning and sequencing identified H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in these wild boars [200].
T359 5609-5722 Sentence denotes Later thirteen H1N1, three reassorted A(H1N1)pdm09 and four H1N2 viruses were detected in swine during 2009–2010.
T360 5723-5942 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates had high similarity with the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses reported earlier in humans within Germany which suggested a reverse zoonotic transmission of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus [201].
T361 5943-6252 Sentence denotes A nationwide sero-surveillance identified 12,585 swine with H1N1, 9,566 swine with human-like H1N2, 12,220 swine with human-like H3N2 and 11,086 swine with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus antibodies during June 2009–December 2012 which reflected a high seroprevalence of influenza viruses in German swine population [202].
T362 6253-6365 Sentence denotes Later 273 IAV positive swine exhibiting influenza-like illness were detected between January 2010–December 2013.
T363 6366-6469 Sentence denotes Subtyping successfully distinguished 198 of 273 samples into H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.
T364 6470-6588 Sentence denotes The H1N1 virus was the most widely occurring in German swine while A(H1N1)pdm09 virus had the lowest prevalence [203].
T365 6590-6596 Sentence denotes 3.4.7.
T366 6597-6603 Sentence denotes Greece
T367 6604-6809 Sentence denotes The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected in swine sera samples collected from apparently healthy swine at 42 swine farms during 2002–2004 and from 46 swine farms during 2010–2012 [204].
T368 6811-6817 Sentence denotes 3.4.8.
T369 6818-6823 Sentence denotes Italy
T370 6824-6983 Sentence denotes The seropositivity of Italian swine to H3N2 virus was first reported during December 1976–November 1977 when 24 swine were detected with H3N2 antibodies [205].
T371 6984-7149 Sentence denotes The first report of H1N1 active infection in Italian swine appeared during an influenza disease outbreak between 1977 to 1986 which identified 63 H1N1 viruses [206].
T372 7150-7285 Sentence denotes Further, four H3N2 viruses were detected in swine nasal swabs originated from three swine farms and an abattoir during 1981–1982 [207].
T373 7286-7360 Sentence denotes Later 47 H1N1 and 37 H3N2 viruses were detected in swine during 1992–1995.
T374 7361-7543 Sentence denotes Interestingly, four human sera samples were also positive for H1N1 and 77 samples were positive for H3N2 viruses which might be due to the transmission between human and swine [208].
T375 7544-7662 Sentence denotes Further IAV seroprevalence was detected in the age group of three-month to four-year old swine during 2002–2004 [209].
T376 7663-7833 Sentence denotes The first report of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Italian swine appeared after a respiratory disease outbreak in piggeries in Lombardia region of Northern Italy in November 2009.
T377 7834-7943 Sentence denotes Piglets experienced diarrhea and weight loss while the sows experienced reduction in reproduction rate [210].
T378 7944-8163 Sentence denotes Two more A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates were reported in female swine in Sicily in December 2009 [211] while five isolates of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus were identified in swine at three different locations during 2011–2012 [212].
T379 8164-8374 Sentence denotes A novel strain of reassorted H1N2 virus having 99–100% identity through six gene segments with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus along with HA and NA genes similar to H1N2 virus was reported in swine in Mantua Province [213].
T380 8375-8456 Sentence denotes Reassorted H1N2 viruses were again detected in 34 piglets during 2013–2014 [214].
T381 8457-8592 Sentence denotes Seroprevalence of Italian wild boars with one H1N1, ten H1N2, and one H3N2 viruses at two different locations was reported during 2012.
T382 8593-8712 Sentence denotes On the contrary, active infection was found only in three wild boars whose nasal swabs were positive for the IAV [215].
T383 8713-8857 Sentence denotes One more investigation reported active infection of IAV in 12 wild boars while 78 wild boars had IAV antibodies during July–December 2012 [216].
T384 8858-8968 Sentence denotes Further molecular and serological investigations detected avian-like H1N1 viruses in Italian wild boars [216].
T385 8969-9177 Sentence denotes The first complete genome sequence of IDV in Italian swine was retrieved from a symptomatic sow in 2015 which was identified to be closely related to the IDV sequence reported in Oklahoma swine in 2011 [217].
T386 9178-9388 Sentence denotes Further IDV prevalence in Italian swine was reported when 14, three and four swine were found positive for IDV antibodies in Veneto, Emilia Romagna and Lombardia regions, respectively during June 2015–May 2016.
T387 9389-9532 Sentence denotes As a result, swine clinical samples collected during 2013–2014 were investigated retrospectively for IDV prevalence but were reported negative.
T388 9533-9643 Sentence denotes An extended serological investigation detected IDV antibodies in 364 swine sera samples collected during 2015.
T389 9644-9746 Sentence denotes These findings suggested that IDV was in circulation in Italian swine population only after 2014 [45].
T390 9748-9754 Sentence denotes 3.4.9.
T391 9755-9760 Sentence denotes Spain
T392 9761-10011 Sentence denotes Isolation and characterization of 12 H3N2, nine H1N1 and one H1N2 viruses reported the prevalence of influenza viruses for the first time in Spanish swine herds experiencing the respiratory illness and pneumonia during November 2001–April 2004 [218].
T393 10012-10147 Sentence denotes More strains of H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 viruses were isolated, sequenced and characterized in Spanish swine during 2006–2011 [219,220,221].
T394 10148-10412 Sentence denotes Interestingly, five H1N1, three H1N2, and four H3N2 virus isolates retrieved between January 2010 and August 2011 had significant similarities with other European isolates which was an evidence of continent-wide transmission of these swine influenza viruses [220].
T395 10414-10421 Sentence denotes 3.4.10.
T396 10422-10432 Sentence denotes Luxembourg
T397 10433-10606 Sentence denotes A molecular investigation reported a negative prevalence of IDV in swine in Luxembourg during 2009 but later successfully detected three IDV positive swine during 2014–2015.
T398 10607-10807 Sentence denotes Further, the serological investigation confirmed that swine in Luxembourg were free from IDV during 2012 but interestingly, IDV antibodies were detected in 17 swine samples collected during 2014–2015.
T399 10808-11059 Sentence denotes These observations suggested that IDV was not in circulation in swine in Luxembourg during 2009–2012 but became prevalent at a low frequency later during 2014–2015 [46] which was almost the same time IDV was reported in Italian swine populations [45].
T400 11061-11068 Sentence denotes 3.4.11.
T401 11069-11084 Sentence denotes The Netherlands
T402 11085-11317 Sentence denotes A serological investigation of swine in the Netherlands identified 601 H1N1, 584 H1N2, and 229 H3N2 virus antibodies in 29 swine herds during January–May 1999 [222] with no further evidence of IAV in swine in the country after that.
T403 11319-11326 Sentence denotes 3.4.12.
T404 11327-11333 Sentence denotes Norway
T405 11334-11626 Sentence denotes After the 18 swine which were experiencing influenza-like illness were found infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on a Norwegian swine farm in October 2009 the surveillance was expanded to the 39 nearby swine farms which determined that 23 of these farms were positive for the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
T406 11627-11756 Sentence denotes Intriguingly, one human subject at the index farm who had influenza-like symptoms was also found positive for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
T407 11757-11901 Sentence denotes This study suggested that the symptoms first appeared in the human subject at the index farm and later the disease got transmitted to the swine.
T408 11902-12013 Sentence denotes Hence the findings of this study suggested the reverse zoonosis of the influenza virus from human to pig [223].
T409 12014-12162 Sentence denotes Further molecular and serological investigations identified 48 more swine herds that were positive for IAV during September 2009–October 2010 [224].
T410 12163-12349 Sentence denotes A more comprehensive nation-wide surveillance in Norwegian swine identified 16 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus positive swine herds during 2009 which later increased to 190 swine herds in 2010 [225].
T411 12350-12538 Sentence denotes Later 194 more swine were found infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Norway between April and July 2011 and reported that the IAV infected swine took longer to weigh 100 kg body mass [226].
T412 12540-12547 Sentence denotes 3.4.13.
T413 12548-12554 Sentence denotes Poland
T414 12555-12705 Sentence denotes The first active IAV infection in swine in Poland was reported in 2010 when 21 oral fluid samples collected from three swine farms detected IAV [227].
T415 12706-12812 Sentence denotes Soon after, five avian-like H1N1 viruses were reported from the swine lung tissues during 2011–2013 [228].
T416 12813-12974 Sentence denotes Later a serological surveillance identified 1212 H1N1, 851 H1N2, 1012 H3N2, and 572 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus antibodies in swine during March 2011–February 2015 [229].
T417 12975-13141 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, 34 of these swine had antibodies against all four IAV subtypes i.e., H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses [229] suggesting the past co-infections.
T418 13143-13150 Sentence denotes 3.4.14.
T419 13151-13165 Sentence denotes Czechoslovakia
T420 13166-13332 Sentence denotes The human-like H3N2 virus was isolated from a swine in Czechoslovakia during 1969–1972 [230]; however, no other reports ever appeared from the country in later years.
T421 13334-13341 Sentence denotes 3.4.15.
T422 13342-13349 Sentence denotes Hungary
T423 13350-13469 Sentence denotes Complete genome of an H1N1 virus was reported from a Hungarian swine having fever and conjunctivitis in May 2011 [231].
T424 13470-13533 Sentence denotes This was the only report of H1N1 virus in the swine in Hungary.
T425 13535-13542 Sentence denotes 3.4.16.
T426 13543-13593 Sentence denotes Multi-National Surveillances in European Countries
T427 13594-13904 Sentence denotes A large-scale investigation across seven European countries reported a high seroprevalence (˃62%) of IAV antibodies in swine populations of Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy while a relatively lower (˂21.25%) seroprevalence was observed in swine populations of Czech Republic, Poland and Ireland during 2002–2003.
T428 13905-14094 Sentence denotes Antibodies against H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses were reported in swine from the European countries under surveillance except Poland where swine had antibodies against only H1N1 virus [232].
T429 14095-14261 Sentence denotes A virological surveillance across five European countries including Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Spain reported 169 IAV positive swine during 2006–2008.
T430 14262-14451 Sentence denotes The H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 viruses were detected in swine from Belgium, Italy, and Spain while the samples from United Kingdom and France were found infected with H1N1 and H1N2 viruses [233].
T431 14452-14892 Sentence denotes Briefly, the virological and/or serological prevalence of influenza viruses in European countries (Figure 4D) identified the strains of H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in swine populations of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Germany, France, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Czech Republic, and Czechoslovakia while the swine in Luxembourg and Italy were found infected with IDV.