LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7281378 / 11829-17338 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T88 0-4 Sentence denotes 3.1.
T89 5-41 Sentence denotes Influenza Viruses in Swine in Africa
T90 43-49 Sentence denotes 3.1.1.
T91 50-58 Sentence denotes Cameroon
T92 59-169 Sentence denotes The first report of IAV in Cameroonian swine appeared when A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was documented during 2009–2010.
T93 170-291 Sentence denotes The youngest infected swine was four-month old which suggested that A(H1N1)pdm09 virus can infect the young piglets [51].
T94 292-407 Sentence denotes Nine more swine herds in Cameroon were found infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 and H1N1 viruses during May–June 2011 [52].
T95 408-625 Sentence denotes A multiple-site study including free-roaming and penned swine along with domestic poultry and Columbiformes birds between December 2009 and August 2012 identified one IAV positive swine at each of the two study sites.
T96 626-726 Sentence denotes The inter-species transmission of IAV was ruled out as all the birds were negative for the IAV [53].
T97 728-734 Sentence denotes 3.1.2.
T98 735-742 Sentence denotes Nigeria
T99 743-924 Sentence denotes The first evidence of the past IAV infection in Nigerian swine appeared in 2008 when H1N1 and H3N2 virus antibodies were detected in swine sampled at three different locations [54].
T100 925-1090 Sentence denotes Shortly after that, in 2009, the first report of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus appeared in the Nigerian swine when one swine herd was found seropositive for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
T101 1091-1230 Sentence denotes Interestingly, eight other swine herds were found seropositive for the H1N1 and four herds were found positive for human-like H3N2 viruses.
T102 1231-1404 Sentence denotes The seroprevalence of IAV further increased as 66 swine herds were detected positive for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and 53 herds were found seropositive for H1N1 virus in 2012 [52].
T103 1405-1604 Sentence denotes The active infection (viral RNA) of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was first reported in the Nigerian swine between July 2010–June 2012 when 18 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates were retrieved from the swine in Lagos.
T104 1605-1767 Sentence denotes The zoonotic transmission of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to the exposed human workers was ruled out as all the human samples were negative for the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus [55].
T105 1768-1890 Sentence denotes Nineteen more A(H1N1)pdm09 and five human-origin H3N2 viruses were identified in the Nigerian swine during 2013-2015 [56].
T106 1891-1999 Sentence denotes Later one more report of the human strain of H3N2 virus appeared in swine during January–February 2014 [57].
T107 2000-2075 Sentence denotes A high seroprevalence of IAV in a commercial piggery was reported in Lagos.
T108 2076-2340 Sentence denotes Total 197 human and 281 swine sera samples were screened which determined that 87% human and 67% swine sera had antibodies for IAV depicting the past exposure [58] but the active infection was absent given that all nasal swabs were negative for IAV infection [58].
T109 2341-2635 Sentence denotes Lately, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) strain H5N1 was detected in 22 swine samples between December 2015 and February 2016 during an ongoing H5N1 disease outbreak in Nigerian poultry [59] which indicated the inter-species transmission of H5N1 virus from poultry to swine [59].
T110 2637-2643 Sentence denotes 3.1.3.
T111 2644-2649 Sentence denotes Egypt
T112 2650-2968 Sentence denotes A molecular study reported the negative prevalence of avian-like H5N1 and H5N2 viruses in Egyptian swine in May 2008 [60] but the serological investigation identified H5N1 virus antibodies in seven and H5N2 virus antibodies in four swine sera samples [60] which suggested a past exposure of these swine to the viruses.
T113 2969-3271 Sentence denotes The active H5N1 infection in Egyptian swine was again ruled out in October 2013 as the viral RNA could not be detected in 36 swine samples but interestingly, the antibodies against avian-like H5N1, H9N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected in swine sera samples which suggested a past exposure [61].
T114 3272-3416 Sentence denotes Interestingly, 122 of the 157 swine nasal swab samples collected during 2014 and 2015 were found positive for IAV active infection using RT-PCR.
T115 3417-3520 Sentence denotes As a result, HA subtyping identified 46 avian-origin H5N1, seven H9N2 and 69 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses [61].
T116 3522-3528 Sentence denotes 3.1.4.
T117 3529-3534 Sentence denotes Kenya
T118 3535-3737 Sentence denotes The first report of IAV in swine in Kenya appeared in May 2010 when A(H1N1)pdm09 virus were detected in eight swine samples collected from the Asembo and Kibera counties and at a Nairobi based abattoir.
T119 3738-3860 Sentence denotes The extended serological study further identified H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in swine during August 2011 to December 2012 [62].
T120 3861-4068 Sentence denotes The active IAV infection was reported in four household members having acute respiratory illness while the backyard swine were negative for the IAV and IBV in Kiambu county during September 2013–August 2014.
T121 4069-4194 Sentence denotes On the contrary, the serology identified the IAV antibodies in 230 swine sera samples suggesting a past exposure of IAV [63].
T122 4195-4337 Sentence denotes The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was again reported in five swine samples collected from a slaughterhouse in Kenya during September 2013–September 2014.
T123 4338-4549 Sentence denotes Interestingly, all the 288 human subjects including the slaughterhouse workers or the traders and farmers who had visited the slaughterhouse were negative for IAV, hence ruled out the zoonotic transmission [64].
T124 4551-4557 Sentence denotes 3.1.5.
T125 4558-4581 Sentence denotes Other African Countries
T126 4582-4804 Sentence denotes Swine in Benin and Cote d’Ivoire reported no prevalence of IAV during 2009–2010 [65] while A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was detected in swine in Reunion Island during 2009–2011 [66] and in Togo during October 2012–January 2014 [67].
T127 4805-4901 Sentence denotes The human strain of H3N2 virus was detected in swine in Ghana during January–February 2014 [57].
T128 4902-4982 Sentence denotes One more report documented IAV in swine in two districts of Uganda in 2015 [68].
T129 4983-5162 Sentence denotes Overall, influenza viruses have been reported in swine from eight African countries including Cameroon, Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya, Reunion island, Togo, Ghana, and Uganda (Figure 4A).
T130 5163-5279 Sentence denotes The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, which originated in Mexican swine in 2009, has been reported in all except Ghana and Uganda.
T131 5280-5509 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the HPAIV strain of H5N1 has been reported in swine in Nigeria and Egypt while HPAIV strain H5N2 and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) strain H9N2 have also been reported in the Egyptian swine (Table 1).