LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7274940 / 9983-16415 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T107 0-10 Sentence denotes Discussion
T108 11-106 Sentence denotes Ocular involvement with Coronavirus family has been shown in various publications [10, 13, 14].
T109 107-314 Sentence denotes On January 22, 2020, when a visiting doctor in Wuhan developed conjunctivitis, and later yielded positive for SARS-CoV-2, call for research on ocular transmission and involvement of SARS-CoV-2 was made [14].
T110 315-490 Sentence denotes In a prospective study by Xia et al. [10], tear and conjunctival secretions of 30 COVID-19 patients were collected, and the presence of the virus was evaluated by RT-PCR [10].
T111 491-731 Sentence denotes Virus was detected in only one patient’s conjunctival scrapes who had conjunctivitis at the time of specimen collection; therefore, it was proposed that the virus only existed in the tear and conjunctiva of the patients with conjunctivitis.
T112 732-1032 Sentence denotes On the other hand, in the same study, it was stated that the sample volume of tear and conjunctival secretion might be insufficient for RT-PCR detection, and therefore, the possibility of viral particles’ presence in tears and conjunctiva should not be ignored in patients without conjunctivitis.[10]
T113 1033-1182 Sentence denotes In the present study, we reported the ocular findings and symptoms of COVID-19 patients and risk factors associated with those ocular manifestations.
T114 1183-1281 Sentence denotes Results of our study suggest that 20.5% of the COVID patients had at least one ocular abnormality.
T115 1282-1460 Sentence denotes Mean age, fever, neutrophil count, CRP, PCT, and ESR levels were significantly higher in patients with ocular involvement; whereas, mean lymphocyte count was significantly lower.
T116 1461-1629 Sentence denotes The aggressive inflammatory response is a significant component in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, strongly implicated in the resulting airway damage [15].
T117 1630-1740 Sentence denotes Severity of the disease is reported to be not only due to the viral infection but also the host response [16].
T118 1741-1902 Sentence denotes There are many studies highlighting the role of inflammatory markers such as ESR, CRP, and PCT to predict the onset of an inflammatory process or infection [17].
T119 1903-2054 Sentence denotes In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, many studies demonstrated that most of the patients present with elevated levels of acute immune markers [18, 19].
T120 2055-2164 Sentence denotes C-reactive protein begins to rise within 4–6 h in settings of inflammation and has a half-life of 4–7 h [20].
T121 2165-2248 Sentence denotes Therefore, serum level of CRP is considered to be a measure of active inflammation.
T122 2249-2392 Sentence denotes CRP levels were found to be positively correlated with the diameter of lung lesions and severity of the presentation in COVID-19 patients [21].
T123 2393-2547 Sentence denotes In our study, all of the ocular findings were correlated with high CRP levels which may indicate active inflammatory response and severity of the disease.
T124 2548-2688 Sentence denotes Procalcitonin is a peptide precursor of calcitonin, released primarily by lung and intestine, in response to bacterial toxins and cytokines.
T125 2689-2862 Sentence denotes Production of PCT is amplified during bacterial infections but downregulated during viral infections which make it a particularly interesting acute inflammatory marker [22].
T126 2863-3005 Sentence denotes Levels of PCT become detectable in patient’s serum in 3–6 h after onset of inflammation and remain elevated for 12–36 h after resolution [22].
T127 3006-3150 Sentence denotes A metaanalysis of the literature suggests that serial PCT measurement may be beneficial to evaluate progression towards a more severe form [23].
T128 3151-3262 Sentence denotes The production of PCT is inhibited by interferon-γ, whose concentration increases during viral infections [24].
T129 3263-3535 Sentence denotes PCT levels remain within the reference range in several patients with noncomplicated SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas substantially increase in the severe form of the disease, possibly secondary to a bacterial coinfection which contributes to complicate the clinical picture.
T130 3536-3735 Sentence denotes Procalcitonine levels of the patients with ocular symptoms were higher than the patients without ocular involvement, which may also be indicative for the severity of the disease in those individuals.
T131 3736-3832 Sentence denotes Patients with ocular manifestations had higher ESR levels according to the results of our study.
T132 3833-3937 Sentence denotes Erythrocyte sedimentation rate typically begins to increase within 24 h after the onset of inflammation.
T133 3938-4105 Sentence denotes ESR can be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis and management of certain specific situations, like inflammation or infection, but like CRP it lacks specificity [25].
T134 4106-4181 Sentence denotes Elder patients seemed to be at certain risk for developing ocular symptoms.
T135 4182-4376 Sentence denotes This may be secondary to the already existing age related changes in the ocular tissues of the older population such as dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, or demodex infestation [26].
T136 4377-4548 Sentence denotes It may be expected that ocular problems would be exacerbated in older adults, where the communication between innate and adaptive immunity is known to be compromised [27].
T137 4549-4641 Sentence denotes The pathogenesis and organ manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus are not fully understood [28].
T138 4642-4774 Sentence denotes Cytokine storm and viral evasion of cellular immune responses are considered to have crucial roles in the severity of COVID-19 [29].
T139 4775-4978 Sentence denotes In this study, patients with COVID-19 who had ocular manifestations had significantly high levels of CRP, PCT, and ESR, perhaps as a result of the active immune response of the host and disease severity.
T140 4979-5073 Sentence denotes This may partly explain the positive association between high fever and ocular manifestations.
T141 5074-5235 Sentence denotes Lymphocytopenia and increased levels of neutrophils have been reported to reflect an enhanced inflammatory process and suggest a poor prognosis in COVID-19 [28].
T142 5236-5367 Sentence denotes In our group, patients with higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio seemed to be in higher risk for developing ocular manifestations.
T143 5368-5476 Sentence denotes This can also be secondary to the severity of the disease with generalized aggressive inflammatory response.
T144 5477-5576 Sentence denotes Limited sample size and absence of conjunctival RT-PCR evaluation are the limitations of our study.
T145 5577-5734 Sentence denotes A larger cohort study of patients with COVID-19 from multiple centers would help to further define the ocular manifestations and risk factors of the disease.
T146 5735-5926 Sentence denotes Regardless, the findings of our study are the preliminary results shared in an effort to serve as a starting platform for research into ocular involvement immunological responses of COVID-19.
T147 5927-6100 Sentence denotes Older age, high fever, increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and high levels of acute phase reactants were associated with greater risk of developing ocular manifestations.
T148 6101-6298 Sentence denotes Care must be taken when evaluating patients with those characteristics to prevent ocular complications and viral spread, since other organ involvements might be alternative routes of transmissions.
T149 6299-6432 Sentence denotes As the current pandemic continues, a better understanding of both the transmission routes and manifestations of COVID-19 will emerge.