LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7271924 / 8573-13064 JSONTXT 14 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T67 0-38 Sentence denotes Lactoferrin and Its Membrane Receptors
T68 39-146 Sentence denotes LF is thought to exert its main biological activities following interaction with receptors on target cells.
T69 147-250 Sentence denotes There are in fact many LF receptors, though sometimes one is referred to as “the” lactoferrin receptor.
T70 251-373 Sentence denotes They have been detected in multiple tissues and cell types including intestinal epithelial cells and lymphocytes (60, 61).
T71 374-589 Sentence denotes Receptors that bind LF include CD14 (62), LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1/CD91) (63–65) intelectin-1 (omentin-1) (66), Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR4) (67) and cytokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) (68) (see Table 2).
T72 590-839 Sentence denotes Importantly, LF also binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which are cell-surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules that are composed of a core protein decorated with covalently linked glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains (86, 87, 98, 99).
T73 840-852 Sentence denotes See Table 2.
T74 853-1150 Sentence denotes Different receptors express at vastly different levels in different tissues; thus intelectin-1 is really expressed only in the intestine (https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000179914-ITLN1/tissue), while LRP1 is far more widely distributed https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000123384-LRP1/tissue.
T75 1151-1356 Sentence denotes These multiple receptors arguably underpin the substantial and widespread effects that LF can induce, since only when multiple targets are hit simultaneously can one normally have major effects (103, 104).
T76 1357-1507 Sentence denotes Table 2 Receptors for lactoferrin, cells where these receptors are present, and other molecules and/or components that might bind to these receptors.
T77 1508-1594 Sentence denotes Receptor for lactoferrin Cell types where receptor are present Selected references
T78 1595-1831 Sentence denotes Lactoferrin receptor/LRP-1/CD91/apoE receptor or the chyclomicron remnant receptor Multiple tissues and cell types including intestinal epithelial cell lymphocytes, fibroblasts, neurons, hepatocytes, endothelial cells (62) (60, 69–71)
T79 1832-2004 Sentence denotes Intelectin-1 (omentin-1) Visceral (omental and epicardial) fat, mesothelial cells, vascular cells, airway goblet cells, small intestine, colon, ovary, and plasma (66, 72)
T80 2005-2070 Sentence denotes TLR2 and TLR4 Endothelial cells, platelets, neutrophils (73–80)
T81 2071-2141 Sentence denotes CXCR4 Platelets, endothelial cells, neutrophils, T-cells (78, 81–83)
T82 2142-2186 Sentence denotes CD14 Macrophages, neutrophils (62, 84, 85)
T83 2187-2298 Sentence denotes Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes (86, 87)
T84 2299-2327 Sentence denotes Interleukin 1 Various cells
T85 2328-2412 Sentence denotes Selected molecules and entities that bind to these receptors, other than lactoferrin
T86 2413-2464 Sentence denotes Receptor Molecule or cellular entity References
T87 2465-2501 Sentence denotes Lactoferrin receptor Bacteria (30)
T88 2502-2539 Sentence denotes LRP-1 Amyloid beta (Aβ) (69, 88–90)
T89 2540-2742 Sentence denotes Intelectin-1 (omentin-1) Microbial sugars, including β-D-galactofuranose (β-Galf), D-glycerol 1-phosphate, d-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KO), and 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO) (91)
T90 2743-2813 Sentence denotes TLR4 Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) Herpex simplex (78, 92–94)
T91 2814-2858 Sentence denotes CXCR4 Viruses (including HIV) (78, 95, 96)
T92 2859-2900 Sentence denotes CD14 LPS, H7N9 Influenza virus (92, 97)
T93 2901-3114 Sentence denotes Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) Various viruses, including HIV and SARS-CoV (86, 87, 98–102) The entry of bacteria, bacterial products or viruses into host cells may also occur via some of these receptors.
T94 3115-3375 Sentence denotes Such binding evokes signaling systems and pathways involving, amongst others, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (105), NF-κB (106), activator protein 1 (AP-1) (107), and various interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) [for a comprehensive review see (108)].
T95 3376-3580 Sentence denotes During infection, activation of these signaling pathways results in a cellular response that shares multiple cytoplasmic components, leading ultimately to the activation of a complex biomolecular network.
T96 3581-3758 Sentence denotes Phosphorylation of relevant substrates (e.g., enzymes, microtubules, histones, and transcription factors) plays a crucial role in determining the host's cellular response (109).
T97 3759-3906 Sentence denotes Viruses (110, 111), as well as bacteria (112), interact with and bind to HSPGs, using this proteoglycan as entry into the cell (see also Figure 1).
T98 3907-4138 Sentence denotes LF acts as an important element in host defense mechanisms by binding to these receptors, but also binding to HSPG on cells, since these are locations where binding to bacteria and their cell wall products as well as viruses occur.
T99 4139-4266 Sentence denotes The membrane-penetrating peptide HIV-tat, released from HIV-infected cells, also enters surrounding cells using HSPGs (86, 98).
T100 4267-4420 Sentence denotes This binding capacity allows LF to compete with such molecules for receptor occupancy (113, 114), and therefore plays a vital role in host immunity (20).
T101 4421-4491 Sentence denotes LF can also serve to prevent nephrotoxicity, e.g., of cisplatin (115).