PMC:7271924 / 4342-5932 JSONTXT 12 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T32 0-188 Sentence denotes Human LF is a cationic glycosylated protein consisting of 691 amino acids (9) folded into two globular lobes (80 kDa bi-lobal glycoprotein) (10), that are connected by an α-helix (11, 12).
T33 189-229 Sentence denotes Bovine LF contains 689 amino acids (13).
T34 230-403 Sentence denotes LF was first discovered and isolated from bovine milk in 1939 (14), and is a member of the transferrin family (60% amino acid sequence identity with serum transferrin) (11).
T35 404-628 Sentence denotes LF and transferrin have similar amino acid compositions, secondary structures (including their disulphide linkages), and tertiary structures, although they differ in terms of biological functions (11, 15, 16) (see Figure 2).
T36 629-787 Sentence denotes There are also three different isoforms: LF-α is the iron-binding isoform, while LF- β and LF-g both have ribonuclease activity but do not bind iron (11, 17).
T37 788-882 Sentence denotes When it is iron-rich it is referred to hololactoferrin and when iron-free apolactoferrin (18).
T38 883-1120 Sentence denotes The tertiary structures of the two forms are significantly different: apolactoferrin is characterized by an open conformation of the N-lobe and a closed conformation of the C-lobe, while both lobes are closed in the hololactoferrin (18).
T39 1121-1309 Sentence denotes Human LF and bovine LF possess high sequence homology and have very similar antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities (19–21).
T40 1310-1418 Sentence denotes Consequently, it is common to give the bovine form rather than say a recombinant human form as a supplement.
T41 1419-1590 Sentence denotes Bovine LF is also deemed a “generally recognized as safe” substance by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA), and is commercially available in large quantities (19).