LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7271924 / 20171-25088 JSONTXT 15 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T161 0-24 Sentence denotes COVID-19 and Lactoferrin
T162 25-108 Sentence denotes COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
T163 109-275 Sentence denotes Many COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which leads to pulmonary edema and lung failure, and have liver, heart, and kidney damages.
T164 276-737 Sentence denotes These symptoms are associated with a cytokine storm (166, 167) manifesting elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1(MIP1)A and MIP1B (168).
T165 738-836 Sentence denotes IL-22, in collaboration with IL-17 and TNFα, induces antimicrobial peptides in the mucosal organs.
T166 837-1107 Sentence denotes IL-22 also upregulates mucins, fibrinogen, anti-apoptotic proteins, serum amyloid A, and LPS binding protein (169); therefore, IL-22 may contribute to the formation of life-threatening oedema with mucins and fibrin (170), seen in SARS-CoV-22 and SARS-CoV patients (168).
T167 1108-1238 Sentence denotes The 2003 SARS-CoV strain, that also causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, attaches to host cells via host receptor ACE2 (171).
T168 1239-1410 Sentence denotes This type I integral membrane protein receptor is a well-known receptor for respiratory viruses, and is abundantly expressed in tissues lining the respiratory tract (111).
T169 1411-1500 Sentence denotes During COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 also enters host cells via the ACE2 receptor (172).
T170 1501-1673 Sentence denotes ACE2 is highly expressed on human lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, and the brush border of the proximal tubular cells of the kidney (99).
T171 1674-1821 Sentence denotes HSPGs are also one of the preliminary docking sites on the host cell surface and play an important role in the process of SARS-CoV cell entry (99).
T172 1822-1966 Sentence denotes There is no current confirmed information that SARS-CoV-2 binds to HSPGs, however, LF blocks the infection of SARS-CoV by binding to HSPGs (99).
T173 1967-2050 Sentence denotes It is not presently known whether LF binds to ACE2, but it does bind to HSPGs (99).
T174 2051-2187 Sentence denotes Whether SARS-CoV-2 also enters host cells via HPSGs in the same way, as does (the 2003) SARS-CoV clearly warrants further investigation.
T175 2188-2311 Sentence denotes Of particular interest, and in the context of this paper, is the set of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host platelets.
T176 2312-2416 Sentence denotes This is of importance, as COVID-19 infection, can cause hyperinflammation due to a cytokine storm (166).
T177 2417-2530 Sentence denotes Pathogens like the influenza virus and Francisella tularensis, do trigger life-threatening cytokine storms (173).
T178 2531-2688 Sentence denotes Such a cytokine storm will significantly affect platelets, as platelets have many receptors where these inflammatory molecules may bind (173) (see Figure 5).
T179 2689-2850 Sentence denotes Circulating cytokines and inflammagens will hyperactivate platelets, causing low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), and a significant chance of hypercoagulation.
T180 2851-3054 Sentence denotes Thrombocytopenia is associated with increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and thus serves as clinical indicator of worsening illness during hospitalization (174, 175).
T181 3055-3197 Sentence denotes Patients with type 2 diabetes are also particularly prone to increased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines and hypercoagulation (76).
T182 3198-3382 Sentence denotes COVID-19 patients without other comorbidities but with diabetes are at higher risk of severe pneumonia, excessive uncontrolled inflammatory responses and a hypercoagulable state (176).
T183 3383-3735 Sentence denotes Guo and co-workers in 2020 also found that serum levels of IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and D-dimer, were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with those without, suggesting that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to an inflammatory storm eventually leading to rapid deterioration of the patient with COVID-19 (140).
T184 3736-3812 Sentence denotes Acute pulmonary embolism has also been reported in COVID-19 infection (177).
T185 3813-3952 Sentence denotes Focal accumulation of activated platelets within the oedematous area ex vivo correlated well with the size of the pulmonary embolism (178).
T186 3953-4160 Sentence denotes Interestingly, anticoagulant therapy, mainly with (intravenous) heparin (and mainly with low molecular weight heparin, LMWH), appears to be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients (179).
T187 4161-4397 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Simplified platelet signaling and receptor activation during disease with main dysregulated molecules thrombin, fibrin(ogen), von Willebrand Factor (vWF) interleukins (IL) like IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL17A and cytokines like TNF-α.
T188 4398-4454 Sentence denotes Diagram created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/).
T189 4455-4706 Sentence denotes In COVID-19 infection, LF may have a role to play in not only sequestering iron and inflammatory molecules that are severely increased during the cytokine burst, but also possibly in assisting in occupying receptors and HSPGs to prevent virus binding.
T190 4707-4789 Sentence denotes Receptor occupancy is an important characteristic of LF, when taken as supplement.
T191 4790-4917 Sentence denotes Furthermore, it may assist in preventing thrombocytopenia, and hypercoagulation, both prominent features of COVID-19 infection.