Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T109 |
0-27 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neutrophils and Lactoferrin |
T110 |
28-114 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LF plays an important role in host defense, upon its release from the neutrophil (26). |
T111 |
115-258 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LF also enhances natural killer cell activity in immune defense (135) and can restrict the entry of the virus into host cells during infection. |
T112 |
259-399 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As part of the host's inflammatory response, leucocytes, including neutrophils, release LF from their granules, where it is normally stored. |
T113 |
400-556 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Activated neutrophils also release chromatin fibers, known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which trap and kill, amongst others, bacteria (1, 136). |
T114 |
557-633 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These NETs likewise modulate both acute and chronic inflammation (137, 138). |
T115 |
634-757 |
Sentence |
denotes |
NETs are also found in various autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (139, 140). |
T116 |
758-824 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, 106 human neutrophils can release 15 μg of LF (26). |
T117 |
825-966 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition to DNA and histones, NET fibers contain extranuclear proteins and proteins such as elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and LF (141). |
T118 |
967-1110 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LF may also serve as an intrinsic inhibitor of NETs release into the circulation, and may therefore be central in controlling NETs release (1). |
T119 |
1111-1124 |
Sentence |
denotes |
See Figure 3. |
T120 |
1125-1439 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 3 Bacterial binding to various receptors, e.g., Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and 4), as well as complement receptors, leads to protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activation, followed by chromatin decondensation, hypercitrullination of histones 3 and 4 in the nucleus, and nuclear membrane disruption. |
T121 |
1440-1474 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Granules also release lactoferrin. |
T122 |
1475-1601 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and their protein constituents (including lactoferrin) are released from the neutrophil. |
T123 |
1602-1660 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Adapted from Jorch and Kubes (142) and Law and Gray (143). |
T124 |
1661-1707 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bacteria are expelled and trapped in the NETs. |
T125 |
1708-1764 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Diagram created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/). |