Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T35 |
0-12 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Study design |
T36 |
13-164 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since Jan 2, 2020, the Ministry of Health in Singapore has been refining local case-definitions for people suspected of having COVID-19 (appendix p 4). |
T37 |
165-534 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Doctors are required by law to notify the Ministry of Health of cases of COVID-19.7 Further, Singapore implemented enhanced surveillance on Jan 31, 2020, to test for COVID-19 among patients in intensive care units and people who died of unknown cause, all people with pneumonia in hospitals, and individuals with influenza-like illness in sentinel primary-care clinics. |
T38 |
535-665 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hospital-based doctors also have permission to test patients who they view with suspicion for clinical or epidemiological reasons. |
T39 |
666-823 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A confirmed case of COVID-19 is defined as an individual with a respiratory sample positive for SARS-CoV-2, using a laboratory-based PCR test (appendix p 1). |
T40 |
824-923 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Phylogenetic analysis is done of available viral genomic sequences to ascertain genetic clustering. |
T41 |
924-943 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Research in context |
T42 |
944-970 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Evidence before this study |
T43 |
971-1111 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We searched PubMed up to Feb 15, 2020 for reports published in English with no date limitations using the keywords “COVID-19” and “cluster”. |
T44 |
1112-1204 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A family cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Shenzhen, Guangdong. |
T45 |
1205-1333 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been reported among co-workers in Germany. |
T46 |
1334-1359 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Added value of this study |
T47 |
1360-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We analysed three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission. |
T48 |
1471-1570 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings beyond household clusters. |
T49 |
1571-1724 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Importation and limited local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could have occurred before the lockdown of Wuhan and China's institution of travel restrictions. |
T50 |
1725-1767 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Implications of all the available evidence |
T51 |
1768-2022 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Countries should focus on enhancing detection and containment of local clusters of COVID-19, through surveillance of individuals with general pneumonia or influenza-like illnesses, and of people who have been in contact with unwell travellers from China. |
T52 |
2023-2218 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is also important for countries to do active case-finding among close contacts of affected individuals, including contacts with mild symptoms, to contain clusters and stop them from spreading. |
T53 |
2219-2354 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The Ministry of Health in Singapore identified the first three clusters of COVID-19 cases on Feb 3, 2020, Feb 5, 2020, and Feb 8, 2020. |
T54 |
2355-2542 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All epidemiological investigations and outbreak containment measures were implemented under the Infectious Diseases Act,7 which provides for use of data for analysis to control outbreaks. |