LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7267243 / 915-19970 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T14 0-15 Sentence denotes 1 INTRODUCTION
T15 16-182 Sentence denotes Since December 2019 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emerged from Wuhan City, Hubei province, China and rapidly spread around the globe becoming a pandemic threat.
T16 183-292 Sentence denotes 1 Risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) are well defined in immunocompromised populations.
T17 293-514 Sentence denotes However, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to viral infection are prone to secondary complications like invasive aspergillosis despite lack of underlying well‐defined immunocompromising disease.
T18 515-676 Sentence denotes 2 , 3 , 4 Possible explanations for this could be an immune‐paralysis caused by viral infection‐induced ARDS and hypoxia compromising the innate host defence.
T19 677-861 Sentence denotes 5 In light of influenza‐pulmonary associated aspergillosis, we retrospectively analysed our patients with COVID‐19 associated ARDS in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a single centre.
T20 863-886 Sentence denotes 2 PATIENTS AND METHODS
T21 887-1122 Sentence denotes We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with COVID‐19 and ARDS admitted to the medical and surgical ICU at the University Hospital of Cologne, a 1540‐bed teaching hospital between 7 March 2020 and 22 April 2020 (Table 1).
T22 1123-1225 Sentence denotes TABLE 1 Patient characteristics of patients with COVID‐19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
T23 1226-1301 Sentence denotes Characteristics Patient #1 Patient #2 Patient #3 Patient #4 Patient #5
T24 1302-1342 Sentence denotes Gender Female Male Male Male Female
T25 1343-1370 Sentence denotes Age (y) 62 70 54 73 54
T26 1371-1426 Sentence denotes Medical history Lap. cholecystectomy for cholecystitis
T27 1427-1448 Sentence denotes Arterial hypertension
T28 1449-1484 Sentence denotes Obesity with sleep apnea (BMI 31.5)
T29 1485-1505 Sentence denotes Hypercholesterolemia
T30 1506-1539 Sentence denotes Ex‐smoker (30 PY; 5 y previously)
T31 1540-1624 Sentence denotes Moderate COPD (GOLD 2) Vertebral disc prolapse left L4/5, flavectomy and nucleotomy
T32 1625-1679 Sentence denotes Ex‐smoker (4 months previously) Arterial hypertension
T33 1680-1697 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus
T34 1698-1758 Sentence denotes Aneurysm coiling right A. vertebralis Arterial hypertension
T35 1759-1776 Sentence denotes Bullous Emphysema
T36 1777-1783 Sentence denotes Smoker
T37 1784-1804 Sentence denotes Severe COPD (GOLD 3)
T38 1805-1829 Sentence denotes Previous Hepatitis B No
T39 1830-2011 Sentence denotes Underlying immuno‐compromising condition (inhalational steroids for COPD) No (intravenous corticosteroid therapy 0.4 mg/kg/d, total of 13 d) (inhalational steroids for COPD) No
T40 2012-2050 Sentence denotes ICU Ward MICU MICU SICU SICU MICU
T41 2051-2055 Sentence denotes ARDS
T42 2056-2185 Sentence denotes Horowitz‐Index, admission 12 Severe (53 mm Hg) Severe (93 mm Hg) Moderate (128 mm Hg) Severe (83 mm Hg) Moderate (167 mm Hg)
T43 2186-2228 Sentence denotes Prone positioning Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T44 2229-2256 Sentence denotes vvECMO Yes No No No No
T45 2257-2301 Sentence denotes Acute renal failure Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T46 2302-2339 Sentence denotes Dialysis No SLEDD SLEDD SLEDD No
T47 2340-2352 Sentence denotes Microbiology
T48 2353-2441 Sentence denotes Serum GM (>0.5) Negative Positive (0.7) Negative Negative 2× positive (2.7 and 1.3)
T49 2442-2463 Sentence denotes Fungal culture BALF:
T50 2464-2506 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus BALF: negative TA:
T51 2507-2533 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus TA:
T52 2534-2569 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus TA: negative
T53 2570-2648 Sentence denotes Susceptibility testing Azole susceptible a Not applicable Azole susceptible
T54 2649-2678 Sentence denotes Itraconazole MIC 0.380 (mg/L)
T55 2679-2727 Sentence denotes Voriconazole MIC 0.094 (mg/L) Azole susceptible
T56 2728-2757 Sentence denotes Itraconazole MIC 0.380 (mg/L)
T57 2758-2803 Sentence denotes Voriconazole MIC 0.094 (mg/L) Not applicable
T58 2804-2821 Sentence denotes Fungal PCR BALF:
T59 2822-2850 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus BALF:
T60 2851-2879 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus BALF:
T61 2880-2906 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus TA:
T62 2907-2942 Sentence denotes Aspergillus fumigatus TA: negative
T63 2943-2967 Sentence denotes TA/BALF GM (>0.5) BALF:
T64 2968-2990 Sentence denotes Positive (>2.5) BALF:
T65 2991-3013 Sentence denotes Positive (>2.5) BALF:
T66 3014-3059 Sentence denotes Positive (>2.5) Not available Not available
T67 3060-3077 Sentence denotes Definition of IPA
T68 3078-3288 Sentence denotes EORTC/MSG Criteria 8 Not classifiable (no host criterion) Not classifiable (no host criterion) Not classifiable (no host criterion) Not classifiable (no host criterion) Not classifiable (no host criterion)
T69 3289-3429 Sentence denotes (modified) AspICU algorithm 3 , 7 Putative Modified putative 3 (GM positivity) Putative Putative Modified putative 3 (GM positivity)
T70 3430-3438 Sentence denotes Virology
T71 3439-3489 Sentence denotes PCR TA: positive for hMPV and SARS‐CoV‐2 (E‐gene:
T72 3490-3508 Sentence denotes C t 13.29; S‐gene:
T73 3509-3565 Sentence denotes C t 12.61) TA: positive for hMPV and SARS‐CoV‐2(E‐gene:
T74 3566-3586 Sentence denotes C t 34.29; ORF1 a/b:
T75 3587-3634 Sentence denotes C t 31.47) TA positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (E‐gene:
T76 3635-3655 Sentence denotes C t 29.74; ORF1 a/b:
T77 3656-3703 Sentence denotes C t 27.86) TA positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (E‐gene:
T78 3704-3724 Sentence denotes C t 21.47; ORF1 a/b:
T79 3725-3790 Sentence denotes C t 20.12) TA positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (C t values not available)
T80 3791-4367 Sentence denotes CT imaging studies Combined bilateral ground‐glass opacities with crazy paving and peripheral nodular consolidations (Video S1, Figure 1A) Ground‐glass opacities with occasional nodules (Video S2, Figure 1B) Bilateral ground‐glass opacities, nodular infiltrates with cavities and air crescent sign (Video S3, Figure 1C) Ground‐glass opacities with occasional nodules, known bullous emphysema (Video S4, Figure 1D) Ground‐glass opacities, smaller areas with crazy paving pattern, central and peripheral consolidations, and smaller nodular infiltrates (Video S5, Figure 1E)
T81 4368-4375 Sentence denotes Therapy
T82 4376-4740 Sentence denotes Antifungal treatment Voriconazole iv (6/4 mg/kg BW twice daily) Isavuconazole iv (200 mg thrice daily for 2 d; 200 mg once daily from 3 d) Caspofungin (70/50 mg once daily) followed by voriconazole iv (6/4 mg/kg BW twice daily) Voriconazole iv (6/4 mg/kg BW twice daily) Caspofungin (70/50 mg once daily) followed by voriconazole iv (6/4 mg/kg BW twice daily)
T83 4741-5003 Sentence denotes Antiviral therapy Supportive only Supportive only Hydroxychloroquine, darunavir and cobicistat at external hospital, in house changed to supportive only Supportive only Ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir at external hospital, in house changed to supportive only
T84 5004-5043 Sentence denotes Outcome Died Died Alive Died Alive
T85 5044-5798 Sentence denotes Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BW, body weight; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; C t, threshold cycle; EORTC/MSG, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group; GOLD, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; kg, kilogram; lap, laparoscopic; LVB, lumbar vertebral body; mg, milligram; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; MICU, medical ICU; ORF, open reading frame; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PY, pack‐year history; SICU, surgical ICU; SLEDD, slow low‐efficient daily dialysis; TA, tracheal aspirate; vvECMO, veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
T86 5799-5849 Sentence denotes a Antifungal susceptibility testing by VIPcheck™.
T87 5850-5851 Sentence denotes 6
T88 5852-5999 Sentence denotes John Wiley & Sons, Ltd This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response.
T89 6000-6182 Sentence denotes It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
T90 6183-6313 Sentence denotes For patient #1 SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR Kit (altona Diagnostics) and for patients #2, #3 and #4 cobas® SARS‐CoV‐2 Test (Roche) were used.
T91 6314-6363 Sentence denotes For patient #5, kit manufacturer remains unknown.
T92 6364-6496 Sentence denotes Respective C t values are given in Table 1 where available. hMPV‐PCR was performed with NxTAG® Respiratory Pathogen Panel (Luminex).
T93 6497-6589 Sentence denotes Aspergillus 28S rDNA‐Realtime PCR was performed as in‐house PCR test for screening purposes.
T94 6590-6654 Sentence denotes Species identification was performed by artus® Aspergillus diff.
T95 6655-6675 Sentence denotes RG PCR kit (Qiagen).
T96 6676-6843 Sentence denotes For galactomannan testing from serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or tracheal aspirate (TA) Platelia Aspergillus antigen ELISA (Bio‐Rad Laboratories) was used.
T97 6844-6948 Sentence denotes Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using concentration gradient strips on RPMI agar plates.
T98 6949-7111 Sentence denotes In brief, spore suspensions of the fungal isolates were adjusted to 106 CFU/mL and inoculated with MIC test strips for itraconazole and voriconazole (bioMérieux).
T99 7112-7179 Sentence denotes MICs were determined visually after 48 hours of incubation at 35°C.
T100 7180-7277 Sentence denotes VIPcheck™ (Mediaproducts BV) was performed in patient #1 for early detection of azole resistance.
T101 7278-7279 Sentence denotes 6
T102 7280-7541 Sentence denotes COVID‐19 associated IPA was classified according to the (modified) 3 AspICU algorithm 7 with the addition that positive galactomannan (≥1) from BALF or TA, or two consecutively but separately drawn positive serum samples (≥1) were accepted as entry criterion.
T103 7542-7651 Sentence denotes 8 Severe SARS‐CoV2 infection with ARDS was accepted as host criterion (acquired immunodeficiency) (Table 1).
T104 7652-7910 Sentence denotes This study was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles reflected in the Declaration of Helsinki 9 and was approved by the ethic committee of the University Hospital of Cologne (Identifier of the University of Cologne Ethics Committee 20‐1157).
T105 7912-7922 Sentence denotes 3 RESULTS
T106 7923-7967 Sentence denotes A 62‐year‐old woman was admitted to our ICU.
T107 7968-8046 Sentence denotes She was intubated and developed severe ARDS with a Horowitz‐Index of 53 mm Hg.
T108 8047-8241 Sentence denotes At the contrast‐enhanced CT a combination of emphysema, bilateral ground‐glass opacities with crazy paving and some peripheral nodular consolidations were seen (Video S1, patient #1, Figure 1A).
T109 8242-8352 Sentence denotes Despite prone positioning, the patient required rescue veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
T110 8353-8426 Sentence denotes PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was positive in BALF.
T111 8427-8581 Sentence denotes The patient developed severe intrapulmonary bleeding from the right main bronchus, which was stanched by cold lavages and instillation of tranexamic acid.
T112 8582-8708 Sentence denotes BALF culture grew Aspergillus fumigatus, was positive for galactomannan, and intravenous voriconazole treatment was commenced.
T113 8709-8805 Sentence denotes FIGURE 1 Chest CT images of patients with COVID‐19 Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.
T114 8806-8820 Sentence denotes A, Patient #1:
T115 8821-8919 Sentence denotes Combined bilateral ground‐glass opacities with crazy paving and peripheral nodular consolidations.
T116 8920-8934 Sentence denotes B, Patient #2:
T117 8935-9005 Sentence denotes Ground‐glass opacities with small nodular infiltrations of up to 1 cm.
T118 9006-9020 Sentence denotes C, Patient #3:
T119 9021-9131 Sentence denotes Bilateral ground‐glass opacities diffuse nodular infiltrates and cystic cavities and partly air crescent sign.
T120 9132-9146 Sentence denotes D, Patient #4:
T121 9147-9258 Sentence denotes Bullous emphysema and ground‐glass opacities, interstitial changes and consolidations with nodular infiltrates.
T122 9259-9273 Sentence denotes E, Patient #5:
T123 9274-9502 Sentence denotes Ground‐glass opacities, smaller areas with crazy paving pattern, central and peripheral consolidations, and smaller nodular infiltrates A 70‐year‐old man was admitted to the ICU because of ARDS with a Horowitz‐Index of 93 mm Hg.
T124 9503-9582 Sentence denotes PCR on BALF was tested positive for hMPV, SARS‐CoV‐2 and Aspergillus fumigatus.
T125 9583-9640 Sentence denotes Two days before, serum galactomannan had turned positive.
T126 9641-9684 Sentence denotes BALF was tested positive for galactomannan.
T127 9685-9809 Sentence denotes Chest CT showed ground‐glass opacities with some small nodular infiltrations of up to 1 cm (Video S2, patient #2 Figure 1B).
T128 9810-9965 Sentence denotes Due to acute renal failure requiring slow low‐efficient daily dialysis (SLEDD) and elevated liver enzymes, intravenous isavuconazole treatment was started.
T129 9966-10039 Sentence denotes A 54‐year‐old man presented with ARDS with a Horowitz‐Index of 128 mm Hg.
T130 10040-10113 Sentence denotes TA revealed SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR positive and Aspergillus fumigatus in culture.
T131 10114-10150 Sentence denotes BALF was positive for galactomannan.
T132 10151-10311 Sentence denotes Chest CT showed bilateral ground‐glass opacities, diffuse nodular infiltrates and cystic cavities and partly air crescent sign (Video S3, patient #3 Figure 1C).
T133 10312-10361 Sentence denotes Intravenous voriconazole treatment was initiated.
T134 10362-10518 Sentence denotes A 73‐year‐old man was transferred to the ICU due to ARDS with PCR on TA tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, and Aspergillus fumigatus that also grew in culture.
T135 10519-10665 Sentence denotes Chest CT showed known bullous emphysema with ground‐glass opacities and consolidations with nodular infiltrates (Video S4, patient #4, Figure 1D).
T136 10666-10701 Sentence denotes Intravenous voriconazole was begun.
T137 10702-10807 Sentence denotes A 54‐year‐old woman was transferred to the ICU due to ARDS with PCR on TA tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.
T138 10808-10879 Sentence denotes Serum galactomannan returned positive in two consecutive serum samples.
T139 10880-11076 Sentence denotes Chest CT showed bilateral ground‐glass opacities, smaller areas with crazy paving pattern, central and peripheral consolidations, and smaller nodular infiltrates (Video S5, patient #5, Figure 1E).
T140 11077-11113 Sentence denotes Intravenous caspofungin was started.
T141 11114-11142 Sentence denotes No autopsies were performed.
T142 11143-11197 Sentence denotes Detailed patient characteristics are given in Table 1.
T143 11199-11212 Sentence denotes 4 DISCUSSION
T144 11213-11365 Sentence denotes Patients with ARDS triggered by viral infection, in particular influenza, are prone to invasive aspergillosis even in absence of prior immunodeficiency.
T145 11366-11525 Sentence denotes 2 , 3 We report putative IPA in five of 19 COVID‐19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS without underlying immunocompromising disease on two separate ICUs.
T146 11526-11611 Sentence denotes Spontaneous intrapulmonary bleeding and haemoptysis are typical complications of IPA.
T147 11612-11743 Sentence denotes Ground‐glass opacities characterise COVID‐19 as well as IPA, thus comprehensive microbiological evaluation can prevent missing IPA.
T148 11744-12008 Sentence denotes By applying strict interpretation of the host and risk factors for invasive aspergillosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group definitions the risk of missed diagnosis increases in the COVID‐19 population.
T149 12009-12181 Sentence denotes 8 However, a most complicated issue in ARDS patients is to differentiate Aspergillus colonisation from invasive disease—especially as radiological imaging is non‐specific.
T150 12182-12328 Sentence denotes To address this issue, a consensus project will seek to provide standard definitions for invasive fungal disease in critically ill adult patients.
T151 12329-12331 Sentence denotes 10
T152 12332-12503 Sentence denotes Our observations suggest increased risk for critically ill COVID‐19 patients to develop co‐infection with Aspergillus, which is likely to increase mortality rates further.
T153 12504-12680 Sentence denotes Therefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus in lower respiratory secretions and galactomannan in consecutive serum samples in COVID‐19 ICU patients should be considered.
T154 12681-12683 Sentence denotes 11
T155 12684-12791 Sentence denotes Our findings need to be confirmed in clinical trials to elucidate the role of potential IPA after COVID‐19.
T156 12792-12905 Sentence denotes With this report, we aim to call attention to the critical phenomenon of COVID‐19 associated IA in ARDS patients.
T157 12907-12927 Sentence denotes CONFLICT OF INTEREST
T158 12928-13386 Sentence denotes PK has received non‐financial scientific grants from Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, and the Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, and received lecture honoraria from Akademie für Infektionsmedizin e.V., Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, GPR Academy Ruesselsheim, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, and University Hospital, LMU Munich outside the submitted work.
T159 13387-14101 Sentence denotes OAC is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education, is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy—CECAD, EXC 2030—390 661 388 and has received research grants from, is an advisor to, or received lecture honoraria from Actelion, Allecra Therapeutics, Amplyx, Astellas, Basilea, Biosys UK Limited, Cidara, Da Volterra, Entasis, F2G, Gilead, Grupo Biotoscana, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Matinas, Medicines Company, MedPace, Melinta Therapeutics, Menarini Ricerche, Roche Diagnostics, Merck/MSD, Nabriva Therapeutics, Octapharma, Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, PSI, Rempex, Scynexis, Seres Therapeutics, Tetraphase, Vical.
T160 14102-14624 Sentence denotes BWB is European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Board Director Science and Research; Chairman of the German Resuscitation Council (GRC); Member of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR); Member of the executive committee of the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Medicine (DIVI); Associated Editor of the European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA), Co‐Editor of ‘Resuscitation’; Editor of the Journal ‘Notfall + Rettungsmedizin’.
T161 14625-14697 Sentence denotes He received professional fees for lectures from the following companies:
T162 14698-14836 Sentence denotes Medupdate GmbH, ‘Forum für medizinische Fortbildung (FomF)’, Baxalta Deutschland GmbH, Bayer Vital GmbH, ZOLL Medical Deutschland GmbH, C.
T163 14837-14839 Sentence denotes R.
T164 14840-14883 Sentence denotes Bard GmbH, GS Elektromedizinische Geräte G.
T165 14884-14945 Sentence denotes Stemple GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Philips GmbH Market DACH.
T166 14946-15089 Sentence denotes FD reports personal fees from Forum für medizinische Fortbildung GmbH, BioMérieux GmBH, M3 Inc, and pm‐result GmbH, outside the submitted work.
T167 15090-15093 Sentence denotes FD:
T168 15094-15136 Sentence denotes Associated Editor of 'BMC Anesthesiology'.
T169 15137-15179 Sentence denotes DAE has no potential conflict of interest.
T170 15180-15327 Sentence denotes FF reports scientific grants from the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne (Maria Pesch grant and GEROK grant), outside the submitted work.
T171 15328-15833 Sentence denotes MH reports grants from Roche, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Roche, grants from Abbvie, personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Abbvie, during the conduct of the study; grants from Gilead, personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from Gilead, grants from Janssen, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Janssen, personal fees from Celgene, personal fees from Celgene, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.
T172 15834-15979 Sentence denotes NJ reports lecture fees from Gilead, Infectopharm and MSD and travel grants from Gilead, Basilea, Correvio and Pfizer outside the submitted work.
T173 15980-16193 Sentence denotes FK is supported by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), the German Research Foundation (CRC 1279 and CRC 1310), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the European Research Council (ERC‐StG639961).
T174 16194-16291 Sentence denotes FK received lecture and consulting honoraria from MSD, Roche and ViiV outside the submitted work.
T175 16292-16333 Sentence denotes TP has no potential conflict of interest.
T176 16334-16361 Sentence denotes JR has nothing to disclose.
T177 16362-16487 Sentence denotes MK reports personal fees from Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences and MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH outside the submitted work.
T178 16488-16666 Sentence denotes BB is a consultant to Baxalta, Celgene, MSD, Mundipharma and received Honoraria and Research funding from Astellas, Celgene, J&J, Maquet, Miltenyi, MSD, Takeda, Roche and Sanofi.
T179 16667-16741 Sentence denotes ASV reports travel grants from Gilead Sciences outside the submitted work.
T180 16743-16763 Sentence denotes AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
T181 16764-16780 Sentence denotes Philipp Koehler:
T182 16781-16892 Sentence denotes Conceptualization (lead); Investigation (lead); Writing‐original draft (lead); Writing‐review & editing (lead).
T183 16893-16902 Sentence denotes Oliver A.
T184 16903-16911 Sentence denotes Cornely:
T185 16912-17023 Sentence denotes Conceptualization (lead); Investigation (lead); Writing‐original draft (lead); Writing‐review & editing (lead).
T186 17024-17032 Sentence denotes Bernd W.
T187 17033-17042 Sentence denotes Böttiger:
T188 17043-17146 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T189 17147-17160 Sentence denotes Fabian Dusse:
T190 17161-17264 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T191 17265-17274 Sentence denotes Dennis A.
T192 17275-17286 Sentence denotes Eichenauer:
T193 17287-17390 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T194 17391-17405 Sentence denotes Frieder Fuchs:
T195 17406-17509 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T196 17510-17525 Sentence denotes Michael Hallek:
T197 17526-17629 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T198 17630-17641 Sentence denotes Norma Jung:
T199 17642-17745 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T200 17746-17760 Sentence denotes Florian Klein:
T201 17761-17864 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T202 17865-17884 Sentence denotes Thorsten Persigehl:
T203 17885-17988 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T204 17989-18002 Sentence denotes Jan Rybniker:
T205 18003-18106 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T206 18107-18125 Sentence denotes Matthias Kochanek:
T207 18126-18229 Sentence denotes Investigation (supporting); Writing‐original draft (supporting); Writing‐review & editing (supporting).
T208 18230-18241 Sentence denotes Boris Böll:
T209 18242-18327 Sentence denotes Investigation (lead); Writing‐original draft (lead); Writing‐review & editing (lead).
T210 18328-18360 Sentence denotes Alexander Shimabukuro‐Vornhagen:
T211 18361-18446 Sentence denotes Investigation (lead); Writing‐original draft (lead); Writing‐review & editing (lead).
T212 18448-18464 Sentence denotes ETHICAL APPROVAL
T213 18465-18589 Sentence denotes The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted in the author's guideline page, have been adhered to.
T214 18590-18741 Sentence denotes Our study was approved by the ethic committee of the University Hospital of Cologne (Identifier of the University of Cologne Ethics Committee 20‐1157).
T215 18743-18765 Sentence denotes Supporting information
T216 18766-18774 Sentence denotes Video S1
T217 18775-18811 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T218 18812-18820 Sentence denotes Video S2
T219 18821-18857 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T220 18858-18866 Sentence denotes Video S3
T221 18867-18903 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T222 18904-18912 Sentence denotes Video S4
T223 18913-18949 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T224 18950-18958 Sentence denotes Video S5
T225 18959-18995 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T226 18996-19018 Sentence denotes Supplementary Material
T227 19019-19055 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.