LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7266479 / 815-7229 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8 0-5 Sentence denotes Essay
T9 6-242 Sentence denotes As the world collectively navigates how to face the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is crucial to highlight how low-income and post-conflict countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experiences COVID-19.
T10 243-613 Sentence denotes More specifically, using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its agencies (i.e., the main regulator of public health in the country) prior to the announcement of the first reported COVID-19 case on March 10th 2020, one day before the World Health Organization declared the disease a pandemic [1].
T11 614-791 Sentence denotes The PEN-3 cultural model has been used as a guide to explore health issues by situating them within their socio-cultural contexts to inform policymakers or interventionists [2].
T12 792-1047 Sentence denotes The theoretical model was developed by Airhihenbuwa (1989) to examine culture and its impact on health behaviors and beliefs through the lens of three main domains, including cultural identity, relationships and expectations, and cultural empowerment [3].
T13 1048-1320 Sentence denotes For instance, the use of the relationships and expectations domain has proven to be insightful during the Ebola virus disease crisis, revealing revealed the perceptions and enabling/nurturing factors that exacerbated to or prevented Ebola Virus Disease-related stigma [4].
T14 1321-1577 Sentence denotes The Relationships and Expectations domain considers elements that influence health behaviors and decisions such as perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that increased public mistrust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population.
T15 1578-1761 Sentence denotes According to the PEN-3 model, perception is defined as beliefs, knowledge or attitudes about COVID-19 and health agencies that impact public trust into the Congolese institutions [5].
T16 1762-1991 Sentence denotes Prior to the announcement of the first ever reported case, there were reports circulating through newspapers in the DRC that people of Black descent and/or those living in hot and humid climates could not be infected by COVID-19.
T17 1992-2122 Sentence denotes These rumors were amplified by a Twitter post made by a preeminent member of parliament stating that “Coronovirus is a hoax!” [6].
T18 2123-2289 Sentence denotes Another rumor stated by a well-known evangelical pastor maintained that coronavirus was laboratory-made by multinational companies to control population on earth [7].
T19 2290-2452 Sentence denotes Enabling factors-another tenet of the PEN-3 model-refer to institutional support and assets at the structural level that foster or deter health-seeking practices.
T20 2453-2575 Sentence denotes Several lingering factors existing at the institutional level contribute to mistrust towards any governmental information.
T21 2576-2725 Sentence denotes In 2014, the DRC, through the government health initiative, built the second largest and well-equipped medical center in the capital city (Kinshasa).
T22 2726-2829 Sentence denotes Initially, this modern medical center wanted to be affordable and efficient for the general population.
T23 2830-2929 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, the hospital ended up performing poorly in terms of patient survival and safety [8].
T24 2930-3206 Sentence denotes Moreover, the high level of inefficiency and corruption present in the state apparatus (the country currently ranks at 168 out 180 country in the transparency international corruption index) is perceived as one of the largest hindrances towards a containment of COVID-19. [9].
T25 3207-3457 Sentence denotes This was illustrated by the statement “Anyone can easily enter the country without being tested in exchange for a payment” made during a presentation at the national assembly by one of the most senior virologists, a world-known Ebola researcher [10].
T26 3458-3692 Sentence denotes Following the PEN-3 cultural model, the influence of messages shared by local people that contribute mistrust of governmental agencies is classified as nurturers, which are the third tenet of the Relationships and Expectations domain.
T27 3693-3857 Sentence denotes Interestingly, it is now well understood that outbreaks can create a complex collective experience shared by communities that nurture health-seeking practices [11].
T28 3858-3970 Sentence denotes According to the World Bank, the DRC has 9% Internet penetration, representing an extremely low proportion [12].
T29 3971-4043 Sentence denotes However, communication through cell phones is much more widespread [13].
T30 4044-4141 Sentence denotes The use of memes, videos, screenshots sent via cellular phones intensified governmental mistrust.
T31 4142-4255 Sentence denotes In one of these videos, a music band sang a tune claiming that Coronavirus was created by Western countries [14].
T32 4256-4455 Sentence denotes Another video depicts young men appearing to be “Shegués”, (i.e., a Congolese term referring to a homeless child who lives on the street) stating that they will never be infected by Coronavirus [15].
T33 4456-4647 Sentence denotes A screenshot of Facebook post made by a famous Congolese journalist advised the inhalation of a well-known commercial topical Cough Suppressant in order to prevent any infection by the virus.
T34 4648-4826 Sentence denotes Consequently, despite limited official communication, confusion and mistrust gained ground in the general population following the announcement of the first DRC case of COVID-19.
T35 4827-4983 Sentence denotes Indeed, the first reported COVID-19 case in the DRC involved a Congolese citizen residing in France who had come to visit relatives in DRC two days earlier.
T36 4984-5313 Sentence denotes Unprepared to handle coronavirus cases-although local authorities have previously stated otherwise-the first case was forced into quarantine at a local hospital from which some patients and healthcare professionals ran away when they learned that a COVID-19 patient was admitted, creating an unprecedented chaotic situation [16].
T37 5314-5508 Sentence denotes Considering that the patient was asymptomatic and the lack of adequate communication from medical/health authorities, skepticism, suspicion, and mistrust increased within the general population.
T38 5509-5669 Sentence denotes Ultimately, it took the DRC government eight days after the first reported case to finally announce a series of stringent measures to tackle this pandemic [16].
T39 5670-5884 Sentence denotes These measures included the closing of all universities, schools for four weeks, the interdiction of all gatherings of more than 20 individuals and the suspension of all flights from coronavirus-infected countries.
T40 5885-6006 Sentence denotes At the date of this writing, DRC has now reported 45 COVID-19 cases, with three deaths due to disease complications [16].
T41 6007-6348 Sentence denotes In the near future, Congolese health leaders may have to build on the DRC past experience with the Ebola Virus Disease where local leaders and savoir-faire were used not only to contain the disease, but to also launch multi-media prevention campaign that addresses all the different inaccurate information currently spread in the population.
T42 6350-6369 Sentence denotes Competing interests
T43 6370-6413 Sentence denotes The authors declare no competing interests.