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LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7266473 JSONTXT 19 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-51 Sentence denotes Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries.
T2 52-137 Sentence denotes Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa
T3 140-185 Sentence denotes To the editors of Pan African Medical Journal
T4 186-441 Sentence denotes The coronavirus, COVID-19 outbreak has now affected over 60% of African countries in less than two months [1], gaining a foothold through major economic and transport hubs on the African continent including Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya.
T5 442-584 Sentence denotes Travel restrictions imposed against citizens from countries with major outbreaks including China, USA and those in Europe were too late [2,3].
T6 585-734 Sentence denotes African Union member states as of early April 2020 are reporting 6,470 cases and 241 deaths from COVID-19 reporting growth as “close to exponential”.
T7 735-966 Sentence denotes Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acknowledges the virus is an existential threat to African countries and that with local transmission now underway many would pass the 10,000-infection mark by the end of April [4].
T8 967-1125 Sentence denotes While the impact of wearing of face masks for control of COVID-19 remains controversial, it is inarguable that respiratory transmission needs to be prevented.
T9 1126-1449 Sentence denotes Currently, there is a global shortage of masks and personal protective equipment (PPE) and distribution is being rationed in developed countries to retain this for workers in the health system [5], showing that developing countries in Africa are bound to suffer more should the pandemic be mismanaged at these early stages.
T10 1450-1640 Sentence denotes In addition, health systems in developing countries, already crippled from years of underinvestment will be compromised unless practical and realistic prevention strategies are put in place.
T11 1641-1746 Sentence denotes China, Italy, France, UK and USA, all with sophisticated health systems, have found COVID-19 challenging.
T12 1747-1882 Sentence denotes Infection is increasing across the African subcontinent and health systems will struggle as the pandemic sweeps into and across Africa.
T13 1883-1969 Sentence denotes For management of pandemics a One Health approach can be efficient and cost-effective.
T14 1970-2240 Sentence denotes This is because One Health approaches comprise cross-disciplinary collaborations and interdisciplinary interventions involving veterinary, medical, ecological and public health authorities and its importance is undisputed in the control of complex zoonotic diseases [6].
T15 2241-2320 Sentence denotes One Health was fueled by the global anxiety during the HPAI H5N1 pandemic fear.
T16 2321-2807 Sentence denotes The introduction of the One Health initiative provided international agencies i.e. the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Organization for Animal Health (OIE), World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, with a vehicle for interinstitutional and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the threat of emerging zoonotic diseases, and it enabled these international agencies and national authorities to come to the table as equal partners in the search for solutions [7].
T17 2808-3112 Sentence denotes For management of Rift Valley fever (a highly infectious zoonotic disease in Africa involving animals and humans) poor strategies for disease control resulted in 23 avoidable deaths amongst Africans from a lack of co-ordination [8] demonstrating a live situation in which One Health adoption was delayed.
T18 3113-3235 Sentence denotes Furthermore, human transmission of COVID-19 to pets has been reported and no evidence of animal to human transmission [9].
T19 3236-3375 Sentence denotes Globally, national governments have largely followed the general World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on prevention against COVID-19.
T20 3376-3549 Sentence denotes Preventative measures include hand washing with soap, use of alcohol based sanitizers, banning of social events, and national lockdowns of non-essential business activities.
T21 3550-3771 Sentence denotes While these preventive models have worked, or appear to be working to slow and lower the peak of infections (and deaths) that are expected, in Africa, resistance to these measures is building up in grassroots communities.
T22 3772-4002 Sentence denotes This has been in part due to the socio-economic challenges in slum communities, common in many low and middle-income countries; a chronic lack of any savings (money) to buy food and the threat of hunger while staying at home [10].
T23 4003-4128 Sentence denotes Governments are required to adopt and deploy robust but flexible strategies to secure the economy and protect their citizens.
T24 4129-4266 Sentence denotes Excessive force by the police and armed forces has already led to alleged serious human rights violations in South Africa and Kenya [10].
T25 4267-4460 Sentence denotes COVID-19 control strategies have led to panic and anxiety in countries where the majority of citizens live below the poverty line, and lack the ability to fully comply with WHO recommendations.
T26 4461-4661 Sentence denotes Many countries in Africa are already facing challenges arising from severe malnutrition, crippled healthcare systems and the absence of a robust national disease task force and health leadership [11].
T27 4662-4903 Sentence denotes The WHO has trained field epidemiologists from Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Mozambique on pandemic One Health management [12] but there has been little time to mobilize training into action.
T28 4904-5051 Sentence denotes In Africa, much focus has been put on the Ministry of Health, and in some countries, massive recruitment of additional health staff is in progress.
T29 5052-5184 Sentence denotes While noble, these rapid recruitments communicate panic and increase anxiety and stress in a population fighting an invisible enemy.
T30 5185-5251 Sentence denotes There is as yet no local name in any African dialect for COVID-19.
T31 5252-5624 Sentence denotes In several developing countries in Africa, the Ministry of Local Government or Public Service has administrative units at every district or county or provincial level, however, these have not been fully integrated effectively into the National COVID-19 Control Task Force, with current approaches being controlled by the Ministry of Health and the Office of the President.
T32 5625-5819 Sentence denotes Implementing the WHO advice “test, test, test” for COVID-19, to manage transmission will require surveillance and testing of large numbers of the population, many of whom will be hard to access.
T33 5820-6095 Sentence denotes Establishment of a coordinated disease control task force comprising of essential staff drawn from many different sectors i.e. medical officers, veterinarians, community psychologists, local leaders will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the management of COVID-19.
T34 6096-6181 Sentence denotes Working with the Animal Health Ministries can facilitate access to rural communities.
T35 6182-6442 Sentence denotes A range of support professionals under the Ministry of Public service or Ministry of Local Government, are available and able to work in partnership with public health professionals and medical staff at a time when their medical counterparts are overstretched.
T36 6443-6547 Sentence denotes Funding, to mobilize all public servants to contribute to management of COVID-19 is needed at this time.
T37 6548-6627 Sentence denotes Detection of COVID-19 patients relies on symptomology which is highly variable.
T38 6628-6785 Sentence denotes The presence of pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals is a major challenge for detecting infections and isolating individuals to prevent transmission.
T39 6786-6959 Sentence denotes Many of the symptoms of COVD-19 are those associated with endemic tropical diseases that have persistently blighted the African subcontinent for example common colds or flu.
T40 6960-7095 Sentence denotes Confirmatory diagnosis of infection with, or exposure to COVID-19, demands rapid diagnostic tests and laboratory diagnostic facilities.
T41 7096-7221 Sentence denotes These will need to be sourced from the public and private sector, including universities and veterinary diagnostic providers.
T42 7222-7445 Sentence denotes To reduce the risk of crippling the healthcare systems in Africa, it is essential and urgent that governments establish partnerships with private hospitals and universities (with the diagnostic capability) to manage demand.
T43 7446-7704 Sentence denotes Only samples that provide inconclusive results would be sent to the national reference laboratory, reducing the burden on the human resource at the main center (e.g. the Uganda Virus Research Institute for Uganda or the Nigerian Centers for Disease Control).
T44 7705-7926 Sentence denotes This would promote inter-institutional-national collaborations and pave a way for the establishment of an inter-ministerial national disease database in African countries to help control future pandemics on the continent.
T45 7927-8096 Sentence denotes A reduction in the time spent transporting samples would also lead to a reduced exposure risk during sample transportation to the central national diagnostic laboratory.
T46 8097-8175 Sentence denotes It is timely for Africa to ramp up its ambitions and commitments to One Heath.
T47 8176-8343 Sentence denotes Now, more than ever, we can all appreciate that healthy people, healthy animals and healthy ecosystems are essential for heath today and to that of future generations.
T48 8344-8453 Sentence denotes Investments to foresee and prevent zoonotic disease transmission are key to a sustainable and healthy future.
T49 8455-8474 Sentence denotes Competing interests
T50 8475-8518 Sentence denotes All authors declare no competing interests.