LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7247483 / 106-4788 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T3 0-12 Sentence denotes Dear Editor,
T4 13-176 Sentence denotes Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally.
T5 177-252 Sentence denotes One of the complications observed in COVID-19 cases is secondary infection.
T6 253-382 Sentence denotes When the burden of SARS-CoV-2 increases, the body's immune function decreases, and the probability of fungal infection increases.
T7 383-583 Sentence denotes The traditional detection methods used for fungal infection, such as culture methods and histopathology, might bring unpredictable biosafety issues, since the relevant specimens cannot be inactivated.
T8 584-887 Sentence denotes Therefore, serological assays for fungal antigens, including (1,3)-β-D-glucan (G), galactomannan (GM), and mannan (Mn) tests commonly used for serological diagnosis fungal infection.1 , 2 The sensitivity of G test in invasive Candida and Aspergillus infection is 70%–80%, and the specificity is 70%–80%.
T9 888-938 Sentence denotes The serum GM detection is as sensitive as 70%–80%.
T10 939-1009 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of mannan detection is 58% and the specificity is 93%.
T11 1010-1132 Sentence denotes When the combined detection of mannan antigen and antibody can improve the sensitivity of 83% and the specificity of 86%.3
T12 1133-1433 Sentence denotes In this study, we aimed to illustrate the existence of these fungal antigens from 181 patients with severe COVID-19 in at Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Wuhan, China) between December 31, 2019, and February 24, 2020., where was known for its severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
T13 1434-1599 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the ethics committee of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and its protocols followed the Declaration of Helsinki.
T14 1600-1744 Sentence denotes In total, 181 residual serum samples originally collected during the routine examination of 181 patients with severe COVID-19 were investigated.
T15 1745-2032 Sentence denotes Severe COVID-19 was defining according to guideline of diagnosis and treat for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (7th edition) awarded by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, the relevant characteristic symptoms including RR≥30 times/min, Oxygen saturation≤93% and so on.
T16 2033-2215 Sentence denotes The serum samples were divided based on the different stages of disease during which they were collected: early-stage (1–7 days), middle-stage (8–14 days), and late-stage (≥15 days).
T17 2216-2372 Sentence denotes The diagnostic criteria used for confirming COVID-19 was based on the guidelines issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.
T18 2373-2548 Sentence denotes All test kits for detection of G, GM, and Mn were provided by the manufacturer (Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, China) using an Automatic ELISA Workstation (A200).
T19 2549-2628 Sentence denotes Rank and sum tests were performed, and count data were analyzed with a χ² test.
T20 2629-2695 Sentence denotes Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
T21 2696-2877 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in the mean values and positive rates of G, GM, and Mn between the early-, middle-, and late-stage COVID-19 patient samples (P > 0.05) (Table 1 ).
T22 2878-3099 Sentence denotes However, the positive GM test rate tended to increase with age, i.e., the positive rate of the groups of patients 50–64 years old and aged ≥50 years old were higher than that of the group of patients aged 20–49 years old.
T23 3100-3272 Sentence denotes Table 1 Positive rates of (1,3)-β-D-glucan (G), galactomannan (GM), and Candida mannan (Mn) tests in different stages of disease and age groups in severe COVID-19 patients.
T24 3273-3376 Sentence denotes Stage of disease No. of patients tested No (%) of patients with positive results in each indicated test
T25 3377-3426 Sentence denotes G GM Mn Total (Positive in any of G, GM, MN test)
T26 3427-3479 Sentence denotes Early (1–7 days) 15 3 (20.0) 1 (6.7) 0.00 (0) 20.003
T27 3480-3536 Sentence denotes Middle (8–14 days) 28 14.28 (4) 7.14 (2) 3.57 (1) 14.284
T28 3537-3596 Sentence denotes Late (≥15 days) 138 18.11 (25) 7.97 (11) 1.45 (2) 25.3 (35)
T29 3597-3610 Sentence denotes G GM Mn Total
T30 3611-3666 Sentence denotes Age (years) No. of patients % (No) % (No) % (No) % (No)
T31 3667-3710 Sentence denotes 20–49 25 24 (6) 0.00 (0) 4.00 (1) 24.00 (6)
T32 3711-3758 Sentence denotes 50–64 57 12.28 (7) 8.77 (5) 1.75 (1) 21.05 (12)
T33 3759-3805 Sentence denotes ≥65 99 19.19 (19) 9.09 (9) 1.01 (1) 24.24 (24)
T34 3806-4107 Sentence denotes The main limitation of this retrospective study using the residual sera for analysis is the lack of clinical evaluation or other diagnostic approaches for possible fungal infection among these patients with severe COVID-19, particularly those with positive results for the three fungal antigen assays.
T35 4108-4281 Sentence denotes However, this study suggests that concomitant fungal infection among patients with severe COVID-19 should not be ignored due to the high positive rate of fungal antigenemia.
T36 4282-4588 Sentence denotes Chen et al. reported 99 patients with COVID-19 and 4 (4.0%) had fungal co-infections, including Candida albicans (n = 3) and Candida glabrata (n = 1).4 Further clinical and microbiological investigations should be conducted to illustrate the reality of co-infection with fungi among patients with COVID-19.
T37 4590-4623 Sentence denotes Declaration of Competing Interest
T38 4624-4682 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they have no competing interests.