LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7229913 / 5909-13416 JSONTXT 6 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T49 0-25 Sentence denotes 3 Results and discussion
T50 26-140 Sentence denotes The global probability distribution of COVID-19 cases with respect to the ambient temperature is shown in Fig. 1 .
T51 141-188 Sentence denotes The temperature interval at each panel is 1 °C.
T52 189-358 Sentence denotes The results clearly illustrate that 60.0% of the confirmed COVID-19 cases were found in places where the air temperature ranged from 5 °C to 15 °C, with a peak at 11 °C.
T53 359-470 Sentence denotes However, there were few confirmed cases located at cold (lower that 0 °C) and hot (greater than 30 °C) regions.
T54 471-648 Sentence denotes Fitting the results using normal distribution, we found that the mean and the standard deviation of the fitted normal distribution curve were 11.54 °C and 5.47 °C, respectively.
T55 649-905 Sentence denotes A previous study analyzed the relationship between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and air temperature from 122 cities in China (Xie and Zhu, 2020) and pointed out that confirmed COVID-19 cases increased by 4.861%/°C for ambient temperature lower than 3 °C.
T56 906-1079 Sentence denotes Based on the analysis of global COVID-19 cases, our results demonstrated that confirmed COVID-19 cases increased by 27,536 cases/°C for ambient temperature lower than 10 °C.
T57 1080-1199 Sentence denotes Thus, the rate of increase in COVID-19 cases induced by temperature may have been underestimated by the previous study.
T58 1200-1443 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Relationship of daily confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 with (a) corresponding temperatures, (b) daily temperature difference, (c) maximum temperature, and (d) minimum temperature globally from January 22, 2020 to May 6, 2020.
T59 1444-1637 Sentence denotes The blue line represents the fitted normal distribution curve. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
T60 1638-1840 Sentence denotes To understand the impact of ambient temperature on dispersal of global COVID-19 pandemic in a better way, we investigated the relationship between daily confirmed cases and maximum/minimum temperatures.
T61 1841-1967 Sentence denotes It was observed that most of the daily COVID-19 cases were located in regions with maximum temperature range of 5 °C to 30 °C.
T62 1968-2132 Sentence denotes A similar study by Triplett (2020) indicated that the rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases will be significantly reduced when maximum temperature reaches above 22.5 °C.
T63 2133-2237 Sentence denotes Moreover, the cases were mainly concentrated in regions with minimum temperature range of 0 °C to 15 °C.
T64 2238-2324 Sentence denotes It is well known that large daily temperature difference may easily trigger influenza.
T65 2325-2426 Sentence denotes Therefore, we investigated the relationship between daily confirmed cases and temperature difference.
T66 2427-2657 Sentence denotes The results showed that rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases was associated with a daily temperature difference threshold of 8 °C and the number of cases decreased when daily temperature difference was greater than 8 °C.
T67 2658-2790 Sentence denotes These results indicated that there was a nonlinear association between confirmed cases of COVID-19 and daily temperature difference.
T68 2791-2915 Sentence denotes There was an obvious relationship between the number of confirmed cases and relative humidity, with a peak at 65% (Fig. 2 ).
T69 2916-3039 Sentence denotes The distribution was much broader (30% to 100%) when compared with distribution of COVID-19 cases according to temperature.
T70 3040-3153 Sentence denotes Additionally, we analyzed the variation in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases according to absolute humidity.
T71 3154-3293 Sentence denotes Approximately 73.8% of the cases were concentrated in regions with absolute humidity ranging from 3 g/m3 to 10 g/m3, with a peak at 5 g/m3.
T72 3294-3392 Sentence denotes This result suggests that humid conditions were conducive for the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
T73 3393-3532 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Relationship of daily confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 with (left) daily relative humidity and (right) absolute humidity.
T74 3533-3726 Sentence denotes The blue line represents the fitted normal distribution curve. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
T75 3727-3828 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 presents the time-series zonal distribution of daily COVID-19 cases and their dispersal trend.
T76 3829-4007 Sentence denotes As shown in Fig. 3(a), the temperature zone (5 °C–15 °C) and the center of the fitted normal distribution curve of the zonal mean daily cumulative COVID-19 cases were coincident.
T77 4008-4116 Sentence denotes The center of the zone denoting COVID-19 cases moved toward higher latitude along with the temperature zone.
T78 4117-4209 Sentence denotes Notably, there was a breakpoint on March 14, 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe.
T79 4210-4337 Sentence denotes As a result, the center of the zone denoting COVID-19 cases switched to 42.39°N and its standard deviation became much smaller.
T80 4338-4486 Sentence denotes Clearly, most of the cases (68.2%) of COVID-19 occurred at higher latitudes, spreading along a path where the temperature ranged from 5 °C to 15 °C.
T81 4487-4573 Sentence denotes This finding confirms that air temperature truly affects the distribution of COVID-19.
T82 4574-4673 Sentence denotes It is noteworthy that the COVID-19 pandemic has not spread to areas with high population densities.
T83 4674-4878 Sentence denotes Hence, we predict that the center of the fitted normal distribution curve of zonal mean COVID-19 cases will continually move to higher latitudes along the temperature zone between 5 °C to 15 °C over time.
T84 4879-5028 Sentence denotes Therefore, the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic will be substantially reduced in early May and might recur in large mid-latitude cities in autumn 2020.
T85 5029-5102 Sentence denotes It is very important to pay more attention to places at higher latitudes.
T86 5103-5246 Sentence denotes In addition, mid-latitude locations with higher population densities will also face the possibility of another COVID-19 outbreak in the autumn.
T87 5247-5389 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 (a) Relationship between cumulative cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and temperatures from January 22, 2020 to May 6, 2020.
T88 5390-5585 Sentence denotes The orange zone represents the latitudinal zone with a mean surface temperature between 5 °C and 15 °C in 2019 according to a reanalysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction data.
T89 5586-5742 Sentence denotes Blue lines (red points) represent the standard derivation (center) of the fitted normal distribution curve of zonal mean cumulative COVID-19 cases each day.
T90 5743-5826 Sentence denotes The illustration is an example of the normal distribution fitted on March 13, 2020.
T91 5827-6274 Sentence denotes Notably, daily COVID-19 cases in several countries such as China, the United States, and Canada were counted separately for each province. (b) Zonal mean of the gridded populations from 1980 to 2010 developed by the Center for Global Environmental Research at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
T92 6275-6458 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects).
T93 6459-6663 Sentence denotes Even though the dispersal of the COVID-19 outbreak is affected by many countermeasures and medical conditions, our results confirm that there is an optimal temperature zone for the survival of SARS-CoV-2.
T94 6664-6805 Sentence denotes The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 can markedly increase in the ambient environment including the surfaces of objects in this temperature range.
T95 6806-6902 Sentence denotes It is worth recognizing that the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak is affected by several factors.
T96 6903-6993 Sentence denotes In the present study, we investigated the natural factors affecting the COVID-19 pandemic.
T97 6994-7112 Sentence denotes The analysis of large datasets (samples) yielded significant results with a high degree of confidence in the findings.
T98 7113-7205 Sentence denotes These findings are important for the prediction of COVID-19 transmission in the near future.
T99 7206-7315 Sentence denotes We cannot rely on the conjecture that COVID-19 outbreak will stop with increase in the temperature in summer.
T100 7316-7507 Sentence denotes Undoubtedly, control strategies including school closure and social distancing have reduced the number of total cases considerably (Prem et al., 2020; Luo et al., 2020; Kissler et al., 2020).