LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7228307 / 13725-18743 JSONTXT 24 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T87 0-36 Sentence denotes FcγR expression on hemopoietic cells
T88 37-301 Sentence denotes The tissue distribution of the human leukocyte FcγR is well documented and reviewed comprehensively elsewhere.7, 11, 17 In the context of effector functions harnessed by therapeutic mAbs, several aspects of the cellular distribution (Table 2) should be emphasized.
T89 302-447 Sentence denotes FcγR expression profiles differ between cell lineages but almost all mature human leukocytes, and platelets, express at least one FcγR (Table 2).
T90 448-889 Sentence denotes It should also be appreciated that the cellular expression levels and receptor diversity as will be described later is also influenced by the activation state of the cells, anatomical location and the cytokine environment which modulates FcγR expression, particularly for FcγRI and FcγRIIb.18 For example, resting monocyte subpopulations may express only FcγRIIa but activated macrophages express FcγRI, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa and/or FcγRIIb.7
T91 890-976 Sentence denotes Thus, specific characteristics of leukocyte FcγR expression are summarized as follows:
T92 977-1158 Sentence denotes FcγRI is not usually expressed until induced by cytokines such as interferon‐γ on monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, microglial cells in the brain, dendritic cells and mast cells.
T93 1159-1444 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of FcγRI to interferon‐γ suggests that its in vivo activity is closely tied to immune activation events, and mouse studies have suggested that it has a critical role early in immune responses.19, 20 Its role in the MOA of antibodies may vary with anatomical location.21
T94 1445-1570 Sentence denotes FcγRIIa is expressed only in primates and shows the broadest expression of all FcγRs, being present on all innate leukocytes.
T95 1571-1713 Sentence denotes It is also present on platelets but its role in effector functions is not established but it is important in certain immune thrombocytopenias.
T96 1714-1792 Sentence denotes A polymorphic form of this receptor is the only human receptor for human IgG2.
T97 1793-1967 Sentence denotes This, together with its limited species expression and unique ITAM‐containing cytoplasmic tail (reviewed by Anania et al. 11), suggests a unique function in human leukocytes.
T98 1968-2214 Sentence denotes Interestingly, polymorphism of the receptor is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and resistance to Gram‐negative organisms.11 A rare, hyper‐responsive form is a risk factor for neutrophil‐driven anaphylaxis in Ig replacement therapy.22
T99 2215-2654 Sentence denotes FcγRIIc is an activating FcγR whose expression is regulated single nucleotide polymorphism that permits expression in approximately 20% of humans and in whom it is present at low levels on natural killer (NK) and B cells.11 It has arisen by gene duplication/recombination resulting in an extracellular region  derived from  FcγRIIb, which binds IgG4, and with an ITAM‐containing cytoplasmic tail related to the activating receptor FcγRIIa.
T100 2655-2773 Sentence denotes Thus FcγRIIc provides IgG4 with an activation receptor pathway and confers a new biology of IgG4 in these individuals.
T101 2774-2906 Sentence denotes Its low frequency in the population may also confound in vivo mAb clinical testing or use, but as yet there is no evidence for this.
T102 2907-2981 Sentence denotes FcγRIII forms are two highly related gene products, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb.
T103 2982-3074 Sentence denotes The FcγRIIIa is expressed on NK cells and professional phagocytes, particularly macrophages.
T104 3075-3322 Sentence denotes It is only recently apparent that FcγRIIIa is expressed on neutrophils, albeit at low levels, but plays a role in their function.23 FcγRIIIb is unique to humans and unlike other FcγRs it is attached to cell membrane via a glycophosphatidyl anchor.
T105 3323-3464 Sentence denotes It is expressed, predominantly and abundantly, on human neutrophils.7 Its effector function depends in part on its coexpression with FcγRIIa.
T106 3465-3578 Sentence denotes The lack of FcγRIIIb on macaque neutrophils appears to be compensated for by an increase in FcγRIIa expression.15
T107 3579-3646 Sentence denotes FcγRIIbs are the inhibitory‐type FcγR and arise from a single gene.
T108 3647-3728 Sentence denotes They lack intrinsic proinflammatory signaling and are instead immune checkpoints.
T109 3729-3859 Sentence denotes They provide feedback regulation by antibodies, in the form of immune complexes, to inhibit B‐cell activation by specific antigen.
T110 3860-3924 Sentence denotes They also control activating‐type FcγR function on innate cells.
T111 3925-4018 Sentence denotes Two major splice variant forms of FcγRIIb exist with differential tissue expression profiles.
T112 4019-4203 Sentence denotes FcγRIIb1 preferentially expressed on B lymphocytes contains a 20‐amino acid cytoplasmic insertion necessary for membrane retention and cocapping with the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR).
T113 4204-4379 Sentence denotes FcγRIIb2 is the predominant inhibitory receptor found on basophils and neutrophils, as well as on subpopulations of mast cells, dendritic cells and some monocytes/macrophages.
T114 4380-4596 Sentence denotes FcγRIIb2 lacks the cytoplasmic insertion of FcγRIIb1 and consequently can internalize rapidly including with the activating FcR when they are co‐cross‐linked.11 It is not clear which form is present on human T cells.
T115 4597-4724 Sentence denotes One additional comment on tissue distribution is that FcγR expression on T cells has been difficult to establish unequivocally.
T116 4725-4806 Sentence denotes However, there is increasing evidence that T‐lymphocyte populations express FcγR.
T117 4807-5018 Sentence denotes Some γδ T cells express FcγRIIIa and αβ T cells reportedly express FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb or FcγRIIIa but the significance with respect to effector function mediated by antibody is presently unclear.24, 25, 26, 27, 28