LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7212949 / 36795-46647 JSONTXT 12 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T380 0-20 Sentence denotes RENAL MANIFESTATIONS
T381 22-30 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV
T382 31-229 Sentence denotes Renal impairment in SARS-CoV seems multifactorial and could include secondary sepsis, comorbidities, rhabdomyolysis, treatment-related interstitial nephritis, and altered immune response (Table 4 ).
T383 230-573 Sentence denotes In most SARS-CoV patients, acute renal damage was not common at presentation.89 However, acute renal failure was noted in 5-15% of patients and more often developed subsequently 7-20 days after presentation.89, 90, 91, 92 Choi et al reported a 6% incidence of acute renal failure in a study of 267 patients, more commonly in elderly diabetics.
T384 574-890 Sentence denotes A large study with 536 patients stated that patients with ARF had hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia at the time of admission.75 , 91 Patients with renal dysfunction had mortality rates around 90%.75 , 90 , 91 , 93 , 94 Patients with hypouricemia and chronic renal replacement therapy also had poor outcomes.95, 96, 97
T385 891-966 Sentence denotes Table 4 Gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.
T386 967-1023 Sentence denotes SARS (only studies with large study population included)
T387 1024-1478 Sentence denotes Study Lee et al (2003)N = 138, suspectedRetrospective study Donnelly et al (2003)N = 1425, confirmed casesRetrospective study Peiris et al (2003)N = 75, confirmed casesProspective study Leung et al (2003)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Choi et al (2003)N = 267 (227 confirmed cases)Retrospective study Shi et al (2005)N = 14, (7 confirmed cases, 7 suspected)Clinicopathologic study Kwan et al (2005)N = 240, confirmed casesRetrospective Study
T388 1479-1515 Sentence denotes Clinical Features • Diarrhea (19.6%)
T389 1516-1572 Sentence denotes • Nausea and vomiting (19.6%) • Loss of appetite (54.6%)
T390 1573-1589 Sentence denotes • Diarrhea (27%)
T391 1590-1606 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (14%)
T392 1607-1702 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (13%) Watery diarrhea (73%) (1% on admission)• 7.5 ± 2.3 days of symptom onset
T393 1703-1728 Sentence denotes • frequency 6.3 ± 3.5/day
T394 1729-1862 Sentence denotes • Peak 8.7 ± 2.3 days, improved in all by day 13 Watery diarrhea (38.4 % within first week, 20.3% on presentation)• Average duration:
T395 1863-1871 Sentence denotes 3.7 ±2.7
T396 1872-1936 Sentence denotes • 5.8% only GI symptoms on presentation • Loss of appetite (23%)
T397 1937-2055 Sentence denotes • Watery diarrhea (15% on admission, increased to 53% after hospitalization, median 3 days after) (frequency 3-20/day)
T398 2056-2088 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (7%) • Diarrhea (1/7)
T399 2089-2116 Sentence denotes • Upper GI hemorrhage (2/7)
T400 2117-2163 Sentence denotes • Hematochezia (1/7) • Watery diarrhea (20.4%)
T401 2164-2197 Sentence denotes • 7.5 ±2.8 days after fever onset
T402 2198-2213 Sentence denotes • (Peak day 12)
T403 2214-2219 Sentence denotes • OR:
T404 2220-2288 Sentence denotes 3 for patients with diarrhea to have continued diarrhea on follow up
T405 2289-2595 Sentence denotes Key findings on investigations • ↑ baseline albumin• ↓ K+ N/A Viral RNA in stool (97%) (14.4 ± 2.2 days from onset) • ↓ K+• Viral RNA in stool (16%)• No viral isolation from stool• Colonoscopy (1) grossly within normal limits ↓ K+ (41%) N/A K+ nadir lower in diarrheal patients than nondiarrheal (P < 0.05)
T406 2596-2762 Sentence denotes Histopathology N/A N/A N/A • On EM, viral particles detected in epithelial cells of bowel within ER, and in surface microvilli, active viral replication in intestines
T407 2763-2843 Sentence denotes • Able to isolate virus by culture from small intestine N/A • Diarrheal patient:
T408 2844-2937 Sentence denotes Pseudomembranous plaques, shallow ulcers in TI, scattered hemorrhagic spots in gastric mucosa
T409 2938-2991 Sentence denotes • Patients with bleeding: coffee ground liquid in GIT
T410 2992-3026 Sentence denotes • Lymphoid tissue depletion in all
T411 3027-3106 Sentence denotes • SARS-CoV particles detected in epithelial cells in diarrheal patient only N/A
T412 3107-3386 Sentence denotes Key study findings and message GI symptoms were less common GI symptoms less common at presentation 21%: concomitant fever, diarrhea, and radiological worsening • Patients with GI symptoms had higher ICU admission (P < 0.001, higher requirement of ventilatory support (P = 0.004)
T413 3387-3595 Sentence denotes • GI symptoms may be due to proteins or toxins produced during viral replication • Diarrheal patients had nonstatistically significant higher rates of positive serological and nasopharyngeal secretion testing
T414 3596-3729 Sentence denotes • GI symptoms may be due to direct enteric infection by virus or antibiotic treatment GI symptoms may be due to:• Acute immune damage
T415 3730-3756 Sentence denotes • Via infected lymphocytes
T416 3757-3834 Sentence denotes • Opportunistic infections GI symptoms more common in:• F>M (6:1) (P < 0.001)
T417 3835-3892 Sentence denotes • Geographical (Amoy Gardens Estate residents) (P = 0.01)
T418 3893-3979 Sentence denotes • Patients with GI symptoms had lower mortality and ventilator requirement (P < 0.005)
T419 3980-4045 Sentence denotes • CXR scores at peak of diarrhea did not correlate with frequency
T420 4046-4050 Sentence denotes MERS
T421 4051-4419 Sentence denotes Study Assiri et al (2013)N = 47, confirmed casesRetrospective study Corman et al (2015)N = 37, confirmed casesClinicopathologic study Alenazi et al (2017)N = 130, confirmed casesClinicopathologic study Zhou et al (2017)Human intestinal epithelial cell culture, hDDP4 transgenic miceClinicopathologic Al-Abdley et al (2019)N = 33, confirmed casesClinicopathologic study
T422 4420-4454 Sentence denotes Clinical features • Diarrhea (26%)
T423 4455-4469 Sentence denotes • Nausea (21%)
T424 4470-4486 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (21%)
T425 4487-4509 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (17%)
T426 4510-4577 Sentence denotes (at presentation) N/A GI symptoms in• Community acquired infection:
T427 4578-4583 Sentence denotes 46.2%
T428 4584-4618 Sentence denotes • Healthcare associated infection:
T429 4619-4624 Sentence denotes 46.6%
T430 4625-4653 Sentence denotes • HAI in healthcare workers:
T431 4654-4678 Sentence denotes 16% N/A • Vomiting (31%)
T432 4679-4695 Sentence denotes • Diarrhea (15%)
T433 4696-4842 Sentence denotes Key findings on investigations N/A • 14.6% stool yielded viral RNA N/A N/A RNA positive stool (57%) did not correlate with presence of GI symptoms
T434 4843-4991 Sentence denotes Key study findings and message GI symptoms are frequent at presentation • Viral load in stool is significantly lower than in lower respiratory tract
T435 4992-5123 Sentence denotes • Virus not cultivable from stool MERS-CoV high in healthcare environment • GI symptoms among the commonest extrapulmonary symptoms
T436 5124-5185 Sentence denotes • Intestinal epithelial cells could support viral replication
T437 5186-5351 Sentence denotes • Primary gastric infection can lead to respiratory symptoms via hematogenous or lymphatic spread Diarrhea may be associated with prolonged viral detection (p 0.069)
T438 5352-5360 Sentence denotes COVID-19
T439 5361-5753 Sentence denotes Study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesClinicopathologic study Guan et al (2020)N = 1099, confirmed casesRetrospective study To et al (2020)N = 12, suspected casesClinicopathologic study Xie et al (2020)N = 19 suspected (9 confirmed cases)Clinicopathologic study Pan et al (2020)N = 204, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wu et al (2020)N = 74, confirmed casesClinicopathologic study
T440 5754-5789 Sentence denotes Clinical features • Anorexia (39.9)
T441 5790-5807 Sentence denotes • Diarrhea (10.1)
T442 5808-5824 Sentence denotes • Nausea (10.1%)
T443 5825-5842 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (3.6%)
T444 5843-5884 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (2.2%) • Diarrhea (3.8%)
T445 5885-5958 Sentence denotes • Nausea or vomiting (5%) Diarrhea (11.1% of confirmed) • Any GI symptom:
T446 5959-5964 Sentence denotes 50.5%
T447 5965-5984 Sentence denotes • Only GI symptoms:
T448 5985-5990 Sentence denotes 0.03%
T449 5991-6052 Sentence denotes • Loss of appetite (39.7% of total, 78.6% of all GI symptoms)
T450 6053-6091 Sentence denotes • Diarrhea (17.1%, 34%, usually 3/day)
T451 6092-6116 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (0.02%, 3.9%)
T452 6117-6182 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (0.01%, 1.9%) Diarrhea/Vomit/Stomachache (44.6%)
T453 6183-6266 Sentence denotes Key findings on investigations N/A N/A • 2019-nCoV detected in 91.7% saliva samples
T454 6267-6336 Sentence denotes • Virus cultured from 3/12 saliva samples RNA positive stool samples:
T455 6337-6428 Sentence denotes 88.9% of confirmed (overall 42%) ↑ALT, AST↑ PT↓monocyte count • RNA positive stool samples:
T456 6429-6432 Sentence denotes 55%
T457 6433-6637 Sentence denotes Key study findings and message ICU patients more likely to have anorexia and abdominal pain (P < 0.001, P = 0.02) GI symptoms less common • Presence of GI symptoms not associated with stool RNA positivity
T458 6638-6759 Sentence denotes • Fecal transmission possible • Patients with GI symptoms had longer interval from symptom onset to admission (P = 0.013)
T459 6760-6807 Sentence denotes • GI symptoms worsened with severity of disease
T460 6808-6878 Sentence denotes • Patients with GI symptoms more likely to get antibiotics (P = 0.018)
T461 6879-7030 Sentence denotes • No association presence of GI symptoms with total hospital stay, ICU days or mortality • Presence of GI symptoms not associated with stool positivity
T462 7031-7077 Sentence denotes • Prolonged fecal viral shedding up to 5 weeks
T463 7078-7147 Sentence denotes • Disease severity not associated with prolonged fecal viral shedding
T464 7148-7177 Sentence denotes • Fecal transmission possible
T465 7178-7534 Sentence denotes ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CXR, chest x-ray; EM, electron microscopy; F, female; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; HAI, healthcare associated infection; HAI, healthcare associated infection; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TI, terminal ileumx.
T466 7535-7917 Sentence denotes On microscopy, acute tubular necrosis has been observed in these patients.91 Viral detection in the urine at the onset was rare but gradually increased with the disease progression and remained detectable up to 30 days after symptom onset.76 , 98 Xu et al reported that 6 patients who died of SARS-CoV had testicular damage, which was also likely secondary to the immune response.99
T467 7919-7927 Sentence denotes MERS-CoV
T468 7928-8166 Sentence denotes MERS-CoV uses the exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 or CD 26 as its cellular receptor, which is highly expressed in kidneys.100 Renal involvement is as high as 41% and required dialysis more than SARS-CoV patients 4 , 17 , 60 (Table 4).
T469 8167-8346 Sentence denotes Cha et al reported (n = 30 patients), 60% and 73% of patients with proteinuria and hematuria, respectively, approximately 27% of them developed acute kidney injury within 18 days.
T470 8347-8448 Sentence denotes Patients with acute kidney injury were older and had elevated levels of albumin to creatinine ratios.
T471 8449-8517 Sentence denotes Patients requiring renal replacement therapy had a higher mortality.
T472 8518-8781 Sentence denotes Preexisting chronic kidney disease is also a predictor of poor outcomes.16 , 101 , 102 The virus has been detected in urine and renal tissue and causes apoptosis, suggesting direct viral pathogenicity complements the other mechanisms of renal injury.17 , 61 , 103
T473 8783-8791 Sentence denotes COVID-19
T474 8792-9030 Sentence denotes Acute renal dysfunction in COVID-19 at the time of presentation is not uncommon.92 , 104 , 105 The incidence of acute kidney injury either at presentation or later is as high as 15% with a high mortality rate of 60-90%106 , 107 (Table 4).
T475 9031-9852 Sentence denotes Other researchers report albuminuria or proteinuria on admission in 44-63% patients, hematuria in 27%, elevated urea and creatinine in 13-27% and 14-19%, respectively, and low eGFR in 13%.104 , 105 There may also be imaging evidence of active renal edema and inflammation.104 Since renal dysfunction is early, an immunopathology response or direct viral injury may be contributing along with other systemic factors.20 , 92 Similar to other novel CoVs, renal involvement, acute or chronic, tends to associate with an adverse prognosis.22 , 105 , 107 The COVID-19 virus has been detected in renal tissue and in the urine.39 , 70 , 108 Due to the presence of ACE2 receptors in the Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules, it is also reasonable to speculate that testicular injury may be a consequence of COVID-19 infection.109