LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7210464 / 29745-34420 JSONTXT 6 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T233 0-24 Sentence denotes Within-city transmission
T234 25-157 Sentence denotes Table 3 reports the estimation results of the OLS and IV regressions of Eq. 2, in which only within-city transmission is considered.
T235 158-371 Sentence denotes After controlling for time-invariant city fixed effects and time effects that are common to all cities, on average, one new infection leads to 1.142 more cases in the next week, but 0.824 fewer cases 1 week later.
T236 372-586 Sentence denotes The negative effect can be attributed to the fact that both local authorities and residents would have taken more protective measures in response to a higher perceived risk of contracting the virus given more time.
T237 587-828 Sentence denotes Information disclosure on newly confirmed cases at the daily level by official media and information dissemination on social media throughout China may have promoted more timely actions by the public, resulting in slower virus transmissions.
T238 829-894 Sentence denotes We then compare the transmission rates in different time windows.
T239 895-1025 Sentence denotes In the first sub-sample, one new infection leads to 2.135 more cases within a week, implying a fast growth in the number of cases.
T240 1026-1212 Sentence denotes However, in the second sub-sample, the effect decreases to 1.077, suggesting that public health measures imposed in late January were effective in limiting a further spread of the virus.
T241 1213-1259 Sentence denotes Similar patterns are also observed in model B.
T242 1260-1304 Sentence denotes Table 3 Within-city transmission of COVID-19
T243 1305-1344 Sentence denotes Jan 19–Feb 29 Jan 19–Feb 1 Feb 2–Feb 29
T244 1345-1368 Sentence denotes (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
T245 1369-1389 Sentence denotes OLS IV OLS IV OLS IV
T246 1390-1416 Sentence denotes All cities excluding Wuhan
T247 1417-1507 Sentence denotes Model A: lagged variables are averages over the preceding first and second week separately
T248 1508-1584 Sentence denotes Average # of new cases 0.873*** 1.142*** 1.692*** 2.135*** 0.768*** 1.077***
T249 1585-1650 Sentence denotes 1-week lag (0.00949) (0.0345) (0.0312) (0.0549) (0.0120) (0.0203)
T250 1651-1734 Sentence denotes Average # of new cases − 0.415*** − 0.824*** 0.860 − 6.050*** − 0.408*** − 0.796***
T251 1735-1799 Sentence denotes 2-week lag (0.00993) (0.0432) (2.131) (2.314) (0.00695) (0.0546)
T252 1800-1865 Sentence denotes Model B: lagged variables are averages over the preceding 2 weeks
T253 1866-1941 Sentence denotes Average # of new case 0.474*** 0.720*** 3.310*** 3.860*** 0.494*** 1.284***
T254 1942-2009 Sentence denotes Previous 14 days (0.0327) (0.143) (0.223) (0.114) (0.00859) (0.107)
T255 2010-2056 Sentence denotes Observations 12,768 12,768 4256 4256 8512 8512
T256 2057-2097 Sentence denotes Number of cities 304 304 304 304 304 304
T257 2098-2138 Sentence denotes Weather controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T258 2139-2170 Sentence denotes City FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T259 2171-2202 Sentence denotes Date FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T260 2203-2248 Sentence denotes All cities excluding cities in Hubei Province
T261 2249-2339 Sentence denotes Model A: lagged variables are averages over the preceding first and second week separately
T262 2340-2416 Sentence denotes Average # of new cases 0.725*** 1.113*** 1.050*** 1.483*** 0.620*** 0.903***
T263 2417-2478 Sentence denotes 1-week lag (0.141) (0.0802) (0.0828) (0.205) (0.166) (0.0349)
T264 2479-2559 Sentence denotes Average # of new cases − 0.394*** − 0.572*** 0.108 − 3.664 − 0.228*** − 0.341***
T265 2560-2620 Sentence denotes 2-week lag (0.0628) (0.107) (0.675) (2.481) (0.0456) (0.121)
T266 2621-2686 Sentence denotes Model B: lagged variables are averages over the preceding 2 weeks
T267 2687-2763 Sentence denotes Average # of new cases 0.357*** 0.631*** 1.899*** 2.376*** 0.493*** 0.745***
T268 2764-2829 Sentence denotes Previous 14 days (0.0479) (0.208) (0.250) (0.346) (0.122) (0.147)
T269 2830-2876 Sentence denotes Observations 12,096 12,096 4032 4032 8064 8064
T270 2877-2917 Sentence denotes Number of cities 288 288 288 288 288 288
T271 2918-2958 Sentence denotes Weather controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T272 2959-2990 Sentence denotes City FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T273 2991-3022 Sentence denotes Date FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
T274 3023-3079 Sentence denotes The dependent variable is the number of daily new cases.
T275 3080-3292 Sentence denotes The endogenous explanatory variables include the average numbers of new confirmed cases in the own city in the preceding first and second weeks (model A) and the average number in the preceding 14 days (model B).
T276 3293-3608 Sentence denotes Weekly averages of daily maximum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, the interaction between precipitation and wind speed, and the inverse log distance weighted sum of each of these variables in other cities, during the preceding third and fourth weeks, are used as instrumental variables in the IV regressions.
T277 3609-3708 Sentence denotes Weather controls include contemporaneous weather variables in the preceding first and second weeks.
T278 3709-3804 Sentence denotes Standard errors in parentheses are clustered by provinces. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
T279 3805-3958 Sentence denotes Many cases were also reported in other cities in Hubei province apart from Wuhan, where six of them reported over 1000 cumulative cases by February 1513.
T280 3959-4080 Sentence denotes Their overstretched health care system exacerbates the concern over delayed reporting of confirmed cases in these cities.
T281 4081-4217 Sentence denotes To mitigate the effect of such potential measurement errors on our estimates, we re-estimate (2) excluding all cities in Hubei province.
T282 4218-4270 Sentence denotes The bottom panel of Table 3 reports these estimates.
T283 4271-4427 Sentence denotes Comparing the IV estimates in columns (4) and (6) between the upper and lower panels, we find that the transmission rates are lower in cities outside Hubei.
T284 4428-4601 Sentence denotes In the January 19–February 1 sub-sample, one new case leads to 1.483 more cases in the following week, and this is reduced to 0.903 in the February 2–February 29 sub-sample.
T285 4602-4675 Sentence denotes We also find a similar pattern when comparing the estimates from model B.