PMC:7205724 / 23261-26102 JSONTXT 25 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T189 0-18 Sentence denotes 7 Corticosteroids
T190 20-36 Sentence denotes 7.1 Hypothesis:
T191 37-78 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids can modulate inflammation
T192 79-168 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids are commonly used for modulation of a variety of inflammatory conditions.
T193 169-286 Sentence denotes In addition to a daily regimen, they can be used in the form of pulse therapy to treat flares of autoimmune diseases.
T194 287-485 Sentence denotes However, caution in the use of corticosteroids is needed due to the potential serious side effects associated with corticosteroid drugs and that corticosteroids generally suppress the immune system.
T195 486-660 Sentence denotes The latter means that corticosteroids modulate hyper inflammation and, on the other hand, inhibit immune responses that are vital for the host defense against the virus [29].
T196 662-677 Sentence denotes 7.2 Rationale:
T197 678-738 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids might help accelerate recovery from COVID-19
T198 739-909 Sentence denotes The study [30] investigated the effect of inhaled corticosteroids ciclesonide, cortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fluticasone on the replication of the MERS-CoV.
T199 910-1001 Sentence denotes Among the four compounds, the only ciclesonide was capable of inhibiting viral replication.
T200 1002-1309 Sentence denotes Also, ciclesonide induced a significant inhibition of viral replication of other human coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV, and another positive-strand RNA virus, rubella virus, while not affect the viral replication of negative-strand RNA viruses, e.g., influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.
T201 1310-1408 Sentence denotes For the MERS-CoV, a nonstructural protein 15 (NSP15) appeared to act as the target of ciclesonide.
T202 1409-1509 Sentence denotes An amino acid substitution in the NSP15 conferred resistance of the mutated MERS-CoV to ciclesonide.
T203 1510-1575 Sentence denotes Mometasone could help deal effectively with the mutated MERS-CoV.
T204 1576-1703 Sentence denotes For the SARS-CoV2, all three ciclesonide, mometasone, and lopinavir were able to inhibit viral replication to a similar degree.
T205 1704-1861 Sentence denotes Interestingly, their effect was more noticeable than serine protease inhibitors, e.g., nafamostat and camostat in cells that Vero cells that express TMPRSS2.
T206 1862-2016 Sentence denotes It indicates the tendency of the SARS-CoV2 to enter the cell through the cathepsin/endosomal pathway rather than through the TMPRSS2/cell surface pathway.
T207 2017-2221 Sentence denotes The study [31] included 46 patients with severe COVID-19, of these 26 patients received methylprednisolone (1–2 mg/kg/d for 5–7 days), and 20 patients received standard therapy without methylprednisolone.
T208 2222-2368 Sentence denotes The first group achieved faster improvement in clinical symptoms (fever and peripheral oxygen saturation) and lung lesions detected by CT imaging.
T209 2369-2451 Sentence denotes However, two deaths occurred in the first group and one death in the second group.
T210 2452-2636 Sentence denotes Moreover, the two groups did not differ in laboratory parameters, including WBC, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) six days after treatment.
T211 2637-2750 Sentence denotes There is a report of the patient with COVID-19 treated with methylprednisolone since day 8 of the disease course.
T212 2751-2841 Sentence denotes However, his situation worsened and developed respiratory failure and died on day 14 [32].