Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T189 |
0-18 |
Sentence |
denotes |
7 Corticosteroids |
T190 |
20-36 |
Sentence |
denotes |
7.1 Hypothesis: |
T191 |
37-78 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Corticosteroids can modulate inflammation |
T192 |
79-168 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Corticosteroids are commonly used for modulation of a variety of inflammatory conditions. |
T193 |
169-286 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition to a daily regimen, they can be used in the form of pulse therapy to treat flares of autoimmune diseases. |
T194 |
287-485 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, caution in the use of corticosteroids is needed due to the potential serious side effects associated with corticosteroid drugs and that corticosteroids generally suppress the immune system. |
T195 |
486-660 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The latter means that corticosteroids modulate hyper inflammation and, on the other hand, inhibit immune responses that are vital for the host defense against the virus [29]. |
T196 |
662-677 |
Sentence |
denotes |
7.2 Rationale: |
T197 |
678-738 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Corticosteroids might help accelerate recovery from COVID-19 |
T198 |
739-909 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The study [30] investigated the effect of inhaled corticosteroids ciclesonide, cortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and fluticasone on the replication of the MERS-CoV. |
T199 |
910-1001 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the four compounds, the only ciclesonide was capable of inhibiting viral replication. |
T200 |
1002-1309 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Also, ciclesonide induced a significant inhibition of viral replication of other human coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV, and another positive-strand RNA virus, rubella virus, while not affect the viral replication of negative-strand RNA viruses, e.g., influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. |
T201 |
1310-1408 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For the MERS-CoV, a nonstructural protein 15 (NSP15) appeared to act as the target of ciclesonide. |
T202 |
1409-1509 |
Sentence |
denotes |
An amino acid substitution in the NSP15 conferred resistance of the mutated MERS-CoV to ciclesonide. |
T203 |
1510-1575 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mometasone could help deal effectively with the mutated MERS-CoV. |
T204 |
1576-1703 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For the SARS-CoV2, all three ciclesonide, mometasone, and lopinavir were able to inhibit viral replication to a similar degree. |
T205 |
1704-1861 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, their effect was more noticeable than serine protease inhibitors, e.g., nafamostat and camostat in cells that Vero cells that express TMPRSS2. |
T206 |
1862-2016 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It indicates the tendency of the SARS-CoV2 to enter the cell through the cathepsin/endosomal pathway rather than through the TMPRSS2/cell surface pathway. |
T207 |
2017-2221 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The study [31] included 46 patients with severe COVID-19, of these 26 patients received methylprednisolone (1–2 mg/kg/d for 5–7 days), and 20 patients received standard therapy without methylprednisolone. |
T208 |
2222-2368 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first group achieved faster improvement in clinical symptoms (fever and peripheral oxygen saturation) and lung lesions detected by CT imaging. |
T209 |
2369-2451 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, two deaths occurred in the first group and one death in the second group. |
T210 |
2452-2636 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, the two groups did not differ in laboratory parameters, including WBC, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) six days after treatment. |
T211 |
2637-2750 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is a report of the patient with COVID-19 treated with methylprednisolone since day 8 of the disease course. |
T212 |
2751-2841 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, his situation worsened and developed respiratory failure and died on day 14 [32]. |