| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T500 |
0-41 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recombinant IFN as an Antiviral Treatment |
| T501 |
42-161 |
Sentence |
denotes |
One of the first defenses of the human body against RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2 is the release of types I and III IFNs. |
| T502 |
162-392 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is important to note that type I IFN (IFNα/β) receptors are ubiquitously expressed, so IFNα/β signaling can result in not only antiviral effects, but also the activation of immune cells that potentially exacerbate pathogenesis. |
| T503 |
393-524 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast, type III IFN (also known as IFNλ) signals mainly in epithelial cells, as well as in a restricted pool of immune cells. |
| T504 |
525-738 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Because type III IFNs have immunomodulatory functions, subsequent signaling could induce a potent antiviral effect without enhancing pathogenic inflammation (Andreakos et al., 2017, Prokunina-Olsson et al., 2020). |
| T505 |
739-883 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the potential therapeutic impact of modulating the IFN response to disable COVID-19 pathogenesis. |
| T506 |
884-986 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Before the current pandemic, groups have studied the role of IFNs in other betacoronavirus infections. |
| T507 |
987-1140 |
Sentence |
denotes |
One study of 40 patients with SARS-CoV-1 infection described unresolved elevated type I IFNs and ISGs in those with poor outcomes (Cameron et al., 2007). |
| T508 |
1141-1420 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Others report that exogenous type I IFN does not improve outcomes when given with ribavirin in patients with MERS-CoV infection (Arabi et al., 2020), suggesting that the role of IFN as a therapeutic or prophylactic option may be strain or species specific (Sheahan et al., 2020). |
| T509 |
1421-1671 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Interestingly, a recent study by Mount Sinai virology groups revealed that type I IFN signaling is impaired in the early response to SARS-CoV-2; in vitro, SARS-CoV-2 may be more susceptible to type I IFN than SARS-CoV-1 is (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020). |
| T510 |
1672-1958 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Based on additional evidence that IFN responses to betacoronaviruses are altered as compared to other respiratory viruses (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020, Channappanavar et al., 2016, Okabayashi et al., 2006), trials of IFN-I/III administration have been initiated (NCT04343976, NCT04331899). |
