LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7200337 / 57298-66713 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T313 0-28 Sentence denotes Routine Bloodwork Biomarkers
T314 29-237 Sentence denotes Several routine blood and serological parameters have been suggested to stratify patients who might be at higher risk for complications to aid in allocation of healthcare resources in the pandemic (Table 1 ).
T315 238-376 Sentence denotes Serologic markers from routine bloodwork were reported by comparing patients with mild or moderate symptoms to those with severe symptoms.
T316 377-506 Sentence denotes This includes different acute phase proteins, such as SAA (serum amyloid protein) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (Ji et al., 2020).
T317 507-621 Sentence denotes Interestingly, elevations in CRP appear to be unique to COVID-19 patients when compared to other viral infections.
T318 622-864 Sentence denotes Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels (Huang et al., 2020d), as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase (Xiang et al., 2020a).
T319 865-1013 Sentence denotes Overall, inflammatory markers are common in severe cases of COVID-19 and appear to correlate with the severity of the symptoms and clinical outcome.
T320 1014-1195 Sentence denotes Moreover, the extensive damage that occurs in specific organs of severe COVID-19 patients is possibly related to differences in the expression of ACE2 (Figure 5 ) (Du et al., 2020).
T321 1196-1278 Sentence denotes Table 1 Routine Blood and Immunological Prognostic Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients
T322 1279-1296 Sentence denotes Biomarker Purpose
T323 1297-1728 Sentence denotes Routine Bloodwork Lymphocyte count Predicted the disease severity and the outcomes of hospitalized patients (Tan et al., 2020a).Prognostic value was confirmed in numerous studies (Huang et al., 2020d, Liu et al., 2020b, Song et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020f, Wynants et al., 2020, Yan et al., 2020b, Yang et al., 2020b, Zhang et al., 2020c, Zhao et al., 2020d).Decreased continuously in non-surviving patients (Wang et al., 2020b).
T324 1729-2002 Sentence denotes N/L Patients with N/L ≥3.13 were reported to be more likely to develop severe illness and to require ICU admission (Liu et al., 2020c).N/L on admission was a risk factor for short-term progression of patients with moderate pneumonia to severe pneumonia (Feng et al., 2020).
T325 2003-2132 Sentence denotes Confirmed to be of prognostic value in COVID-19 in several studies (Song et al., 2020, Wynants et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020d).
T326 2133-2209 Sentence denotes CRP Proposed as an early biomarker of disease progression (Ji et al., 2020).
T327 2210-2332 Sentence denotes Even in early stages, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions and reflected disease severity (Wang, 2020).
T328 2333-2483 Sentence denotes Confirmed in numerous studies (Fu et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2020d, Wynants et al., 2020, Yan et al., 2020b, Zhao et al., 2020d, Zhou et al., 2020b).
T329 2484-2568 Sentence denotes Predicted the risk of acute myocardial injury (Liu et al., 2020g, Xu et al., 2020a).
T330 2569-2637 Sentence denotes LDH Higher in severe cases than in mild cases (Xiang et al., 2020a).
T331 2638-2774 Sentence denotes Widely proposed to have prognostic value in COVID-19 (Huang et al., 2020d, Wynants et al., 2020, Yan et al., 2020b, Zhao et al., 2020d).
T332 2775-2885 Sentence denotes D-dimer (and coagulation parameters) Predicted severity independently of other variables (Zhou et al., 2020d).
T333 2886-2993 Sentence denotes Elevated levels and disseminated intravascular coagulation are found in non-survivors (Wang et al., 2020b).
T334 2994-3067 Sentence denotes Identified patients at risk for acute cardiac injury (Liu et al., 2020g).
T335 3068-3271 Sentence denotes Other coagulation parameters, such as fibrin degradation product levels, longer prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, were also associated with poor prognosis (Tang et al., 2020a).
T336 3272-3418 Sentence denotes SAA SAA was proposed to be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis as it was elevated in 80% of the patients in a small cohort (Ji et al., 2020).
T337 3419-3588 Sentence denotes NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide) NT-proBNP was an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19 (Gao et al., 2020b).
T338 3589-3690 Sentence denotes Platelet count High platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with worse outcome (Qu et al., 2020).
T339 3691-3831 Sentence denotes Thrombocytopenia was associated with poor outcome and with incidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 (Liu et al., 2020h, Shi et al., 2020).
T340 3832-3974 Sentence denotes Immunological CD4+, CD8+, and NK cell counts Lower CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells in PBMCs correlated with severity of COVID-19 (Nie et al., 2020b).
T341 3975-4046 Sentence denotes Validated by several studies (Wang et al., 2020f, Zheng et al., 2020b).
T342 4047-4238 Sentence denotes PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells Increasing PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells could be detected as patients progressed from prodromal to overtly symptomatic stages (Diao et al., 2020).
T343 4239-4390 Sentence denotes Expression was higher in infected patients versus healthy controls and in ICU versus non-ICU patients in both CD4 and CD8 T cells (Zhou et al., 2020b).
T344 4391-4715 Sentence denotes phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes The presence of a distinct population of monocytes with high forward scatter (CD11b+, CD14+, CD16+, CD68+, CD80+, CD163+, and CD206+, which secrete IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) was identified in patients requiring prolonged hospitalization and ICU admission (Zhang et al., 2020c).
T345 4716-4793 Sentence denotes CD14+CD16+IL-6+ monocytes are increased in ICU patients (Zhou et al., 2020b).
T346 4794-5010 Sentence denotes IP-10, MCP-3, and IL-1ra IP-10, MCP-3, and IL-1ra were, among 48 examined cytokines, the only ones that closely associated with disease severity and outcome of COVID-19 in a study by Yang et al. (Yang et al., 2020b).
T347 5011-5204 Sentence denotes IL-6 Associated with disease severity (hospitalization and ICU admission) and poor prognosis (Chen et al., 2020g, Huang et al., 2020b, Liu et al., 2020b, Liu et al., 2020f, Wang et al., 2020b).
T348 5205-5298 Sentence denotes Increased levels were associated with higher risk of respiratory failure (Yao et al., 2020b).
T349 5299-5439 Sentence denotes IL-8 Positively correlated with disease severity (Chen et al., 2020e, Gong et al., 2020), with severe cases showing the highest IL-8 levels.
T350 5440-5657 Sentence denotes IL-10 Increased in severe or critical patients as compared to mild patients (Gong et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020d) without a statistically significant difference between severe and critical cases (Gong et al., 2020).
T351 5658-5851 Sentence denotes IL-2R Associated with disease severity in a study that, among other cytokines, also associated ferroprotein levels, PCT levels, and eosinophil counts with COVID-19 severity (Gong et al., 2020).
T352 5852-6031 Sentence denotes IL-1β CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes are abundant in early-recovery patients as shown in a single-cell RNA-seq analysis and thought to be associated with cytokine storm (Wen et al., 2020).
T353 6032-6166 Sentence denotes IL-1β did not correlate with disease severity in a cross-sectional study with mild, severe, and critical patients (Gong et al., 2020).
T354 6167-6311 Sentence denotes IL-4 IL-4 was associated with impaired lung lesions (Fu et al., 2020), but some reports point to a potential mediator effect (Wen et al., 2020).
T355 6312-6543 Sentence denotes IL-18 In modeling immune cell interaction between DCs and B cells in late recovery COVID-19 patients, IL-18 was found to be important in B cell production of antibodies, which suggests its importance in recovery (Wen et al., 2020).
T356 6544-6616 Sentence denotes GM-CSF GM-CSF+IFN-γ+ T cells are higher in ICU than in non-ICU patients.
T357 6617-6730 Sentence denotes CD14+CD16+GM-CSF+ monocytes are higher in COVID-19 patients as compared to healthy controls (Zhou et al., 2020b).
T358 6731-6831 Sentence denotes IL-2 and IFN-γ IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were shown to be increased in severe cases (Liu et al., 2020b).
T359 6832-6977 Sentence denotes anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 IgM positivity could be utilized as a predictive factor for poor recovery (Fu et al., 2020).
T360 6978-7090 Sentence denotes Higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and higher N/L were more commonly found in severe cases (Zhang et al., 2020a).
T361 7091-7190 Sentence denotes Figure 5 ACE2 Expression in Organs and Systems Most Frequently Implicated in COVID-19 Complications
T362 7191-7273 Sentence denotes The gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and testis have the highest ACE2 expressions.
T363 7274-7632 Sentence denotes In some organs, different cell types have remarkably distinct expressions; e.g., in the lungs, alveolar epithelial cells have higher ACE2 expression levels than bronchial epithelial cells; in the liver, ACE2 is not expressed in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, or endothelial cells but is detected in cholangiocytes, which can explain liver injury to some extent.
T364 7633-7734 Sentence denotes Furthermore, ACE2 expression is enriched on enterocytes of the small intestine compared to the colon.
T365 7735-7952 Sentence denotes ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; N/L, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PT, prothrombin time; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time.
T366 7953-8129 Sentence denotes Lymphopenia is the most frequently described prognostic marker in COVID-19 (Table 1), and it appears to predict morbidity and mortality even at early stages (Fei et al., 2020).
T367 8130-8385 Sentence denotes Tan et al. proposed a prognostic model based on lymphocyte counts at two time points: patients with less than 20% lymphocytes at days 10–12 from the onset of symptoms and less than 5% at days 17–19 had the worst outcomes in this study (Tan et al., 2020a).
T368 8386-8638 Sentence denotes Wynants et al. compared predictors of disease severity across seven studies (>1,330 patients), highlighting CRP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as the most significant predictive biomarkers (Wynants et al., 2020).
T369 8639-8812 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a meta-analysis of 30 COVID-19 studies with a total of 53,000 patients also attempted to identify early-stage patients with poor prognosis (Zhao et al., 2020d).
T370 8813-9016 Sentence denotes The most consistent findings across the different studies were elevated levels of CRP, LDH, and D-dimer, as well as decreased blood platelet and lymphocyte counts (Yan et al., 2020b, Zhou et al., 2020d).
T371 9017-9415 Sentence denotes Systemic and pulmonary thrombi have been reported with activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, involving dysfunctional endothelium and monocytic infiltration (Poor et al., 2020, Varga et al., 2020); thrombocytopenia and elevated D-dimer levels may be indicative of these coagulopathies in COVID-19 patients with important therapeutic implications (Fogarty et al., 2020, Poor et al., 2020).