LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7200337 / 3876-5988 JSONTXT 10 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T22 0-109 Sentence denotes Innate immune sensing serves as the first line of antiviral defense and is essential for immunity to viruses.
T23 110-211 Sentence denotes To date, our understanding of the specific innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is extremely limited.
T24 212-435 Sentence denotes However, the virus-host interactions involving SARS-CoV-2 are likely to recapitulate many of those involving other CoVs, given the shared sequence homology among CoVs and the conserved mechanisms of innate immune signaling.
T25 436-745 Sentence denotes In the case of RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, these pathways are initiated through the engagement of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) by viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via cytosolic RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) and extracellular and endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
T26 746-832 Sentence denotes Upon PRR activation, downstream signaling cascades trigger the secretion of cytokines.
T27 833-1075 Sentence denotes Among these, type I/III interferons (IFNs) are considered the most important for antiviral defense, but other cytokines, such as proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-18 are also released.
T28 1076-1177 Sentence denotes Together, they induce antiviral programs in target cells and potentiate the adaptive immune response.
T29 1178-1320 Sentence denotes If present early and properly localized, IFN-I can effectively limit CoV infection (Channappanavar et al., 2016, Channappanavar et al., 2019).
T30 1321-1554 Sentence denotes Early evidence demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to IFN-I/III pretreatment in vitro, perhaps to a greater degree than SARS-CoV-1 (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020, Lokugamage et al., 2020, Mantlo et al., 2020, Stanifer et al., 2020).
T31 1555-1670 Sentence denotes However, the specific IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that mediate these protective effects are still being elucidated.
T32 1671-1846 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E (LY6E) has been shown to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated membrane fusion (Pfaender et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020c).
T33 1847-2112 Sentence denotes Likely, the IFN-induced transmembrane family (IFITM) proteins inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry, as demonstrated for SARS-CoV-1 (Huang et al., 2011b), although their action in promoting infection has also been described for other CoVs (Zhao et al., 2014, Zhao et al., 2018).