| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T108 |
0-188 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The initial mode of viral pathogen-associated signal (PAMP) recognition by innate cells has a major impact on downstream myeloid signaling and cytokine secretion (de Marcken et al., 2019). |
| T109 |
189-571 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While macrophages are somewhat susceptible to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 infection (Perlman and Dandekar, 2005, Zhou et al., 2014), data do not suggest that they are infected by SARS-CoV-2, although one study reported ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is expressed in lymph nodes and spleen-associated CD169+ macrophages of COVID-19 patients producing IL-6 (Chen et al., 2020h). |
| T110 |
572-765 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Significantly elevated systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 have been reported in several COVID-19 patient cohorts and shown to correlate with disease severity (Mehta et al., 2020). |
| T111 |
766-913 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Increased IL-6 can also be associated with higher levels of IL-2, IL-7, IFN-ɣ, and GM-CSF, as seen in secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. |
| T112 |
914-1194 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In response to viral infections, MNPs drive IL and IFN-I and IFN-III production resulting in inflammasome activation, induction of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cell responses, recruitment of effector immune cells, and CRS pathology (Prokunina-Olsson et al., 2020, Tanaka et al., 2016). |
| T113 |
1195-1425 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Independently, in vitro studies have demonstrated SARS-CoV-1 infection can induce intracellular stress pathways, resulting in NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation and macrophage pyroptosis (Chen et al., 2019, Shi et al., 2019). |
| T114 |
1426-1638 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Functional studies are required to implicate these myeloid inflammasome pathways in COVID-19 lung pathology and to assess other immunogenic pathways such as RIPK1/3-dependent necroptosis (Nailwal and Chan, 2019). |
| T115 |
1639-1803 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In conclusion, the strength and duration of myeloid ISG)signaling potentially dictate COVID-19 disease severity, but rigorous studies are warranted to confirm this. |
