Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T312 |
0-167 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 3 Known adverse events of marketed anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs mostly provided as off-label treatments in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic |
T313 |
168-187 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Drug Adverse events |
T314 |
188-273 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Lopinavir/ritonavir • Hypercholesterolaemia and increased serum triglycerides (3–39%) |
T315 |
274-317 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased γ-glutamyl transferase (10–29%) |
T316 |
318-369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Diarrhoea (7–28%; greater with once-daily dosing) |
T317 |
370-403 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased serum ALT (grade 3/4: |
T318 |
404-410 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1–11%) |
T319 |
411-427 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Nausea (5–16%) |
T320 |
428-469 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Upper respiratory tract infection (14%) |
T321 |
470-494 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Abdominal pain (1–11%) |
T322 |
495-512 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Vomiting (2–7%) |
T323 |
513-527 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Fatigue (8%) |
T324 |
528-574 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased serum amylase and/or lipase (3–8%) |
T325 |
575-592 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Headache (2–6%) |
T326 |
593-610 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Skin rash (≤5%) |
T327 |
611-636 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Neutropenia (grade 3/4: |
T328 |
637-642 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1–5%) |
T329 |
643-657 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Anxiety (4%) |
T330 |
658-674 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Insomnia (≤4%) |
T331 |
675-745 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine • Retinopathy (4% of treated patients)a |
T332 |
746-997 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Other adverse effects with unknown frequency included Stevens-Johnson syndrome, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal hepatic function tests, acute hepatic ailure, myopathy, bronchospasm |
T333 |
998-1104 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Risk of prolonged QT interval, further increased when administered with fluoroquinolones or azithromycin |
T334 |
1105-1160 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tocilizumab • Increased serum ALT (≤36%) and AST (≤22%) |
T335 |
1161-1196 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased LDL cholesterol (9–10%) |
T336 |
1197-1230 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Injection site reaction (4–10%) |
T337 |
1231-1254 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Neutropenia (grade 3: |
T338 |
1255-1282 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2–7% of all adult patients) |
T339 |
1283-1300 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Headache (1–7%) |
T340 |
1301-1322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Hypertension (1–6%) |
T341 |
1323-1339 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Dizziness (3%) |
T342 |
1340-1362 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Hypothyroidism (<2%) |
T343 |
1363-1384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Abdominal pain (2%) |
T344 |
1385-1421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Oral mucosa or gastric ulcers (2%) |
T345 |
1422-1595 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Infections due to Pneumocystis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella zoster have been reported after tocilizumab, but their prevalence has not been clearly established |
T346 |
1596-1640 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Anakinra • Injection site reactionb (24–71%) |
T347 |
1641-1754 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Antibody development (up to 50% of the patients but no correlation of antibody development and adverse effects) |
T348 |
1755-1787 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Headache and vomiting (12–14%) |
T349 |
1788-1809 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Arthralgia (10–12%) |
T350 |
1810-1826 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Fever (10–12%) |
T351 |
1827-1921 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Haematologic disorder including eosinophilia, leukopenia and change in platelet count (2–9%) |
T352 |
1922-1951 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Nausea and diarrhoea (7–8%) |
T353 |
1952-1979 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Serious infectionc (2–3%) |
T354 |
1980-2113 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Off-label drugs mostly provided in Italy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the authors' direct experience. |
T355 |
2114-2243 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LDL, low-density lipoprotein. |
T356 |
2244-2384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
a Serum concentration dependent adverse effect; early changes are generally reversible but may progress despite discontinuation if advanced. |
T357 |
2385-2453 |
Sentence |
denotes |
b Injection site reactions were considered serious in 2–3% of cases. |
T358 |
2454-2537 |
Sentence |
denotes |
c Serious infections included cellulitis, pneumonia, and bone and joint infections. |